IM2 Oral immunity (defence mechs in mouth)

Question 1

what are the bacterial infections that can occur in the mouth

Answer 1

caries

periodontal disease

Question 2

what are the fungal infections that can occur in the mouth

Answer 2

candidiasis

Question 3

what are the viral infections that can occur in the mouth

Answer 3

herpes (HIV, HSV)

CMV (herpes) , EBV (mono)

Question 4

what are the mucosal disease that can occur in the mouth

Answer 4

Behcet's disease
Sjogren's syndrome
aphthous stomatitis
lichen planus
pemphigua
tumours

Question 5

what are the systemic disease that can occur in the mouth

Answer 5

Crohns
ulcerative colitis
food allergy
sjogerns syndrome
AIDS
alzheimer's

Question 6

what is the main immune defence mechanism

Answer 6

(mucosal barrier: epithelium + hard tissues) + mucosal defence mechs ( saliva + crevicular fluid)

Question 7

how do TLRs act as a physical barrier in oral immunity

Answer 7

Toll-like receptors
they are pattern recognition receptors (PRR)
PRR recognise pathogen associated patterns (PAMPs) -> initiate innate immune response

Question 8

what are the 4 physical barriers in oral immunity

Answer 8

◆ mucous coating layer
◆ epithelial physical barrier
◆ TLRs (toll like receptors)
◆ gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

Question 9

what does mucus coating layer do as a physical barrier in oral immunity

Answer 9

secreted by salivary glands
viscous –> ↑ mucin content
inhibits bacteria movement + mucin inhibit bacteria binding to dental surfaces

Question 10

how does epithelial physical barrier act as a physical barrier in oral immunity

Answer 10

◆ physical barrier
◆ also produces Calprotectin + β defensins (short peptides with anti-microbial properties)
β defensins with IL-18 can induce recruiting immune defence cells

Question 11

what does saliva contain

Answer 11

IgA
IgM
lysozyme (breakdown of carbs in bacterial cell walls)
calcprotectin (pro-inflammatory)
peroxidase (peroxidation of organic compounds)
lactoferrin (hydrolyses RNA, anti-viral, bacterial + parasitic func)
agglutinin
cystatins (protease inhibitors counteract protease activity of pathogens)
histatins (bind to membrane enter the cells and target mitochondria, changing the ATP balance and inducing cell death.