IM1 Flashcards
Pathogen:
Virus and microbes
immune actions
defending against invading pathogens
remove worn out cell
facilitate wound healing + tissue repair
identifying and destroying abnormal cells
external defense
barrier not reponse
prevent from getting pass or in
Internal defence
innate not specific / general
2nd line of defence
rapid but limited
adaptive specific
4rd line
slower but ultimate
lympatic system
network of small organs/tissue and vessels that lympth fluid derived from interstitial fluid flows
Drains excess IF fluid and returns to blood
return filtered protein to blood
transport lipids
immune celll develop, reside, and carry out response within or move around in
primarily flow:
smooth muscle contraction
assisting : skeletal muscle + resp pump
edema: swelling
Iymphatic capillaries
plasma to IF : filteration
Absoription : IF to plasma
excess filtration
lymphatic capilaries to larger lymphatic vessel and rejoin near subclavian vein
one way valve
External defence specific
physical barrier: skin
Hair
mucus
reflex
Chemical barrier
sebum : oil on skin
lysozyme : tear perspiration saliva
stomach acid
internal defence leukocytes ( WBC)
Lymphoid cells or derived cells
B cell
cytotoxic T
Helper T
Nk cell
Innate immune response
Encounter and recognition
bind to pathogen
toll receptor act as pattern recog receptor
contain and limit
wait for specific response
Interferon
Type 1: bind to non infected cell to produce antiviral protein
antiviral protein stop viral replication if cell becomes infected
Need type 1 recepter ( most cell )
type 2 (interferion gamma) : increase effectiveness of type 1
Release cyytokine triggering increase of immune cell and other cytotoxic chemicals
Activated version of macrophages and NK cells
phagocytosis
Process where pathogens and cellular debris are engulfed and destroyed
Phagocyte any cell that can do phagocytosis
neutrophils : quick
macrophages: largest
4
4 phases of phagocyes
adherence : bind microbe to cell membrane
ingestion: endocytosis bring into cell
digestion : lysosome bind to phagogome form phagolysosome
kill: lysosomal material break down pathogen and release end product internally or exocytosis
Innate
alternative complement pathway
complement protein : plasma protein circulating inactive in blood
bind to pathogen and becomes active trigger protein activation
portion of C3 b attached to pathogen as opsonin (marker) make it easier to recognize
MAC by C5-9
form pores, material rush into the cell and burst the cell
