D1

Question 1

6 process of Digestive system

Answer 1

1. ingestion
2. motility ( mixing of movement )
3. secretion ( adding enzymes, water and hormes)
4. digestion ( break down / mechanical + chemical)
5. absorption ( entry to body)
6. excretion

Question 2

Gastrointestinal regulation controlled by ?

Answer 2

volume + composition

Question 3

Secretions

Answer 3

Enteroendocrine : hormes
exocrine : enzymes
Mucous : mucus

Question 4

Enteric nervous system

Answer 4

gut brain : part of digestive system :
more neurons than spinal cord
GI tract’s own local neural control

Question 5

Short reflex : ( Intrinsic)

Answer 5

stimuli - receptor - plexus - effector - response

Question 6

Long reflex: (extrinsic )

Answer 6

Neural path to outside GI tract
Afferent receptor to CNS
efferent CNS to plexus

Question 7

First part Cephalic phase

Answer 7

stimuli : signal salivary centre
Parasympathetic : rest relax: basic amount of saliva to keep moist
sympathetic: fight or flight ( Thick saliva rich in mucus )
Dehydration or stress

Question 8

saliva composition

Answer 8

water
mucus
bicarbonate ( neutrailize food acid)
lysozymes : prevent bacterial growth

Question 9

enzymes for chemical digestion

Answer 9

salivary amylase : favor slightly acidic
polysaccharides to maltose

Lingual lipase : triglyceride to mono + fatty acids
Favor highly acidic enviornment :
body and antrum

Question 10

Deglutition ( swallowing)

Answer 10

1st stage: voluntary ( tongue against palate - push bolus into oral pharynx )
2nd stage: involuntary ( swallowing centre signal blocking position
uvula - nasal pharnyx , tongue - oral pharnyx, epiglottis - laryngeal pharynx
inhibit respiratory muscle ( stop breathing )
relax upper esophageal sphincter
3rd stage: esophageal stage: involuntary
Peristalsis: circular muscle contract above
longitudinal muscle contract to push down
Lower esophageal sphincter relax to let bolus enter stomach

Question 11

Gastric motility ( mixing )

Answer 11

composed to propulsion and retropulsion ( down and up )
stronger inbody and atrum
have a pace maker
bolus into chyme

small amount moves to duodenum per mixing wave