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Ilp 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This model surfaced as a data driven objective crime reduction strategy.

A

Problem oriented Policing

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2
Q

Fairly easy to adopt bc it does. It require a significant culture change within policing at street level but managerial level change can be substantial.

A

Compstat

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3
Q

Policing defined as the application of analytical techniques to identify likely targets for police intervention and prevent crime or solve crimes from the past by making statistical predictions.

A

Predictive Policing

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4
Q

The type of model that requires the analyst to actively canvass information from contributors by interviewing investigative officers and debriefing handlers of confidential informants.

A

Pull Model

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5
Q

Police using information to generate greater insight into the criminal and policing environment.

A

Knowledge Workers

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6
Q

Applies not only to target selection but also the model of targeting.

A

Proportionality

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7
Q

Local offenders

Potential victims

A

2 constituent groups

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8
Q

Problem Focus and operational Focus

Crime events. Offenders.

A

2 dimensional Scale of Community Policing

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9
Q

It recognizes that the ultimate goal of the police is not simply to enforce the law but to deal with problems effectively, preventing them from occurring in the first place.

A

Problem Originated Policing

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10
Q

Support for the front line areas investigations and the other operational areas in taking case specific action to achieve enforcement objectives

A

Tactical

pg 111

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11
Q

Systematic Gathering, Evaluation, Synthesis of raw data on individuals or activities. “Meaning/Relevance

A

Intelligence

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12
Q

Information compiled analyzed and disseminated in an effort to anticipate, prevent or monitor criminal activity.

A

Criminal intelligence

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13
Q

An inability to optimally utilize existing and new technology to help with information management

A

Technical dysfunction

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14
Q

Police respond to crime information from the public and investigate each offense.

A

Reactive policing

Traditional model policing

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15
Q

Thought to be the “Backbone” of police crime prevention. Remains a focus, Spotlight fell on
1) detection 2) punishment of offenders

A

Preventive patrol

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16
Q

Aiming to provide insight and understanding and make a contribution, broad strategic policies and resources.

A

Strategic Level

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17
Q

Indicates an activity with a start date(onset) a duration(lengths of time) and termination(give up life of crime)

A

Career Criminal

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18
Q

Buzzword in law enforcement, application of analytical techniques. More of a tactical approach to street crime than an organizational technique.
*Hot Spots

A

Predictive policing

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19
Q

Interpret by analysts
Impact by decision makers
to Influence society/criminals

A

3 i Model

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20
Q

This has evolved into a business and management model for resource decisions affecting a wide range of police activities.

A

NIM

National Intelligence Model

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21
Q

The failure of the intelligence profession to recruit and train staff to an acceptable level to perform the role.

A

Professional Incompetence

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22
Q

This has evolved into a Management model and a data driven movement and is Subjective

A

Intelligence led policing

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23
Q

The three barriers of information sharing and fusion centers

A

TOC
Technology
Organizational
Cultural

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24
Q

What are the two groups that have significantly all aspects of criminal justice system

A
  1. International organized crime

2. Terrorism

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25
Q

____________ vs____________ is a managerial process for prioritizing resources allocation

A

Intelligence led policing
Versus
Covert information Gathering has

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26
Q

A tactic that can support the broader mission of intelligence led policing

A

Covert intelligence gathering

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27
Q

Balancing the seriousness of the intrusion into the privacy of the subject of the operation vs the need for the activity in investigative and operational terms.

A

Principle of proportionality

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28
Q

Whereby the concentration of resources in one area to address short term problems create other organizational pathologies

A

Defense Data Concentration

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29
Q

Separate agencies keeping the same information on isolated systems

A

Duplication

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30
Q

Both intra agency and inter agency

A

Occupational subcultures

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31
Q

Caused. Y retention of information until it is most beneficial to the information holder.

A

Intelligence hoarding

Information silos

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32
Q

Lack of analytical capacity in the crime intelligence system.

A

Intelligence overload

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33
Q

A problem of low quality information volume exacerbated by increasing sharing.

A

Noise

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34
Q

Incompatible information systems between agencies.

A

Digital divide

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35
Q

Different agencies with different missions, structures and methodologies.

A

Institutional friction

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36
Q

The Newport News Police experience and report was hugely influential in spreading the message about what type of policing

A

Problem oriented with

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37
Q

Intelligence cycle starts with

A

Direction

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38
Q

In the 3i model the crime intelligence analyst section actively ___________the criminal environment

A

Interprets

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39
Q

The influence part of the 3i model requires analysts to influence the thinking of

A

Decision maker

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40
Q

Part of the 3i model that requires the analyst to be conscious of the need to identify the real decision-maker who can have an impact on the criminal environment while simultaneously being mindful that such decision makers may not be their initial client

A

Influence

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41
Q

When first proposed was an operational tactic that would reduce crime through proactive policing

A

Intelligence led policing

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42
Q

The type of policing that is a business and managerial philosophy

A

Intelligence led policing

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43
Q

Which crime control works to establish priorities for criminal intelligence gathering and subsequent analysis based on notions of social harms as perceived by the community

A

Strategic social harm approach

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44
Q

Name the four P framework for prevention

A

Prevention
Proactivity
Predictability
Patterns

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45
Q 
Focus \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ strategy is the type of approach that draws heavily on criminal intelligence in the planning phase and tries to change offender behavior. 
A. Directed
B. Drawn
C. Deterrence
D. Detailed
A

Deterrence strategy

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46
Q

Initiatives that work with public and private resources available at a local community level are called

A. Informational networks
B. Local security networks
C. Networks without borders
D. Institutional networks

A

C. Local security networks

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47
Q

Networks that smooth the progress of information flow between government agencies

A

Institutional networks

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48
Q

Sir John Stevens, former commissioner of London’s Metropolitan Police is associated with this statement concerning the impact on crime

A. Reduce, predict, disrupt
B. Renew, prevent, disturb
C. Recognize, prevent, disrupt
D. Reduce, prevent, disrupt

A

D. Reduce, prevent, disrupt

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49
Q

Two models of citizen oversight

A

Civilian Review Board

Police Auditors

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50
Q

ACLU published handbook

Americans Civil Liberties Union

A

The Rights of Police Officers

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51
Q

Avner Louima

A

1997 NYC tortured man
CRASH
Community resources against street hoodlums

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52
Q 
1.  In the Us the maintenance and use of criminal intelligence system is regulated by? 
            A. 26CFR23
            B. 26CFR28
            C. 28CFR23
            D. 23CFR28
A

28CFR23

53
Q
  1. What are the 3 categories informants fall into
    A. paid, voluntarily and leniency
    B. Confidential, paid, and source
    C. Source, voluntarily, leniency
A

Paid
Leniency
Voluntarily

54
Q
  1. A rather broad term to indicate a range of skills, including trend indemnification and hot spot analysis
    A. Network analysis
    B. Market profiles
    C. Risk analysis
    D. Crime pattern analysis
A

D. Crime Pattern Analysis

55
Q

Top jobs of police chief according to Intelligence led policing

A

Managing risks
Try to keep people happy
Responding to crime as it emerged

56
Q

An assessment of the impact of socio-economic and demographic changes in criminality, as well as population shift and homelessness

A

Demographic/social trends

57
Q

Used to understand the direction, frequency and strength of links between collaborators in a criminal network

A

Network analysis

58
Q

Caused by criminals operating in the spaces between police agencies either hierarchically or geographically

A

Intelligence gap

59
Q

When managers focus on short term targets only

A

Myopia

60
Q

When performance indicators has cease to be effective but remains on the books.

A

Ossification

61
Q

When managers choose the performance indicators that are the easiest to measure and ignore the rest.

A

Tunnel vision

62
Q

The non governmental sector playing a greater role in the creation of security

A

Hybrid governance

63
Q

When managers focus on a narrow band of activities that improve some performance indicators but inflict damage on the overall system

A

Sub-Optimization

64
Q

When managers deliberately underachieve so they can be set lower targets for later assessments

A

Gaming

65
Q

When the performance indicators becomes the focus rather than the desired outcome or service

A

Measure fixation

66
Q

Performance Indicators added on by Tilley

A

Demoralization - loss of confidence and commitment among wkers delivering services not to count or counted inappropriately

Discreditability - public skepticism - brought abt thru sabotage of enforced performance indicators by disillusioned workers

67
Q 
Intelligence led policing 
According to Manning, the "canopy of science" concerned limitations of some \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A. Technologies 
B. Research 
C. Evidence 
D. Analysts
A

A. Technologies

68
Q

Intelligence Led Policing;
This type model requires the analyst to actively canvass information from contributors by interviewing investigative officers a debriefing handlers of confidential informants.

A.	Tunnel vision
B.	Pull model
C.	Predictive policing
D.	Community policing
A

B. Pull model

69
Q

Identifying recurring problems and how the ensuing consequences affect community safety
SARA

A

Scanning

70
Q

Collecting and analyzing all relevant data on the problem, with the objective of revealing ways to alter the causes of the problem
SARA

A

Analysis

71
Q

Seeking out responses that might have worked elsewhere, identifying a range of local options and then selecting and implementing specific activities that will resolve the problem.
SARA

A

Response

72
Q

Testing data collected before and after the response phase in order to determine whether the response reduced the problem and if not to identify new strategies that might work.
SARA

A

Assessment

73
Q

Intelligence Cycle

PCCEADF

A 
Planning 
Collection 
Collation 
Evaluate 
Analysis 
Disseminate 
Feedback
74
Q

ILP

What are the two types of evaluation?

A

1) Outcome- was the crime reduced?

2) Process- was the program implemented correctly?

75
Q

Pure and Scientific (Realistic) Evaluation

A

Pure does not engage enough with the context of operational environment.

Context x Mechanism x Outcome

76
Q

What intelligence is sandwiched between the offender focus of the tactical arena and the Strategic nature of intelligence to form a strategy, police and long term plans

A

Operational intelligence

77
Q 
Community policing 
POP
CompStat 
Intelligence led policing #1
Intelligence led policing #2
A

Problem Focus
Operational Focus
(Narrow and Broad)
(Crime and Offenders)

78
Q

Application for billiard pool hall, pertinent supervisor will

A

Initiate background ck
Notify community groups
Complete application
Submit memo listing crime to ROC, Chief inspector

79
Q

Pool hall billiard parlors PA Crimes Code limitations

A

6am to 1am six days excluding Sunday
Halls with six or more tables Sun 1p- 10
Juveniles 16 yr with at least 6 tables
No one under 18 yrs allowed with 6 or less tbls

80
Q

The Kansas City preventive patrol experiment was important for two reasons

A

1) it dispelled the myth of random preventive patrol

2) it highlighted the value of research to form policing practice.

81
Q

The ____________ ___________ end of the spectrum has always suffered in terms of achieving legitimacy. Yet has the potential to be the most significant aspect of crime intel due to its ability of strategic products to influence overall strategy and resource decisions

A

Strategic intelligence

82
Q

It recognized by many PD and analysts but it is one of the most fastest growing areas of information management within policing.

A

Operational intelligence

83
Q

Intel Led Policing identifies these Divers for change

A

Data /the Performance Gap
Demand Gap
Manage internal risk
Limits Standard Police

84
Q

Lack of ______ of the police intelligence unit had a corollary outcome in abuse of the ethics of the intelligence process.

A

Governace

85
Q

The ____ _____ found much was wrong with focusing on the crime not criminal.

A

Audit Commission

“Her Majestry Intectorsate of Constabury (HMIC) next reported this type of audit

86
Q

2013 Boston Marathon, 2005 London transportation Attack were Lone Wolf attacts

A

Individual susceptible to radicalization are increasingly transnational, leaving the tracking of ppl and funds challenging

87
Q

Helping With Enquiries published by the Audit Commission had 3 themes

A
  1. Existing police roles/levels of accountability
  2. Ppl fail to use resources
  3. Tack criminals not crime
88
Q

The ____ ____ _____ Network was used as a primary formal method of passing criminal intelligence between agencies.

A

RISS

Regional Information Sharing System

89
Q

The final driver for intelligence Led policing has been moved towards_____ ____ ______

A

Homeland Security Era

90
Q

Greater access to data brought sweeping accountability driven performance culture was termed _____ _____ ____

A

New Public Management

91
Q

Over 40 yrs ago, They argued that every Law Enforcement agency and State police should establish a capacity to gather and disseminate information on offenders.

A

National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals

92
Q

4 way paperwork became a burden

A

!. demand for greater accountability

  1. Knowledge is power culture
  2. Obsession w/reporting-audits
  3. Redundency
93
Q

Universal/Main Factors

A 
Data/Performance culture
Managing Risk
Demand Gap 
Limit of Standard Model
Org and Transnat Crime
Technological Development
94
Q

Madison, WI used this type of policing to tackle drunk driving and repeat sex offenders

A

POP

Problem Orient Policing

95
Q

Confidential informants appear to be viewed as a ____ approach to crime control.

a. Cost-effective
b. Ineffective
c. Invalid
d. Not cost-effective

A

Cost-effective

96
Q

What type of policing has been instrumental in educating a generation of police leaders in the importance of analysis as a foundation for decision making?

a. Prob-oriented policing
b. Intelligence-Led policing
c. COMPSTAT oriented policing

A

Prob-oriented policing

97
Q

Which approach to crime control works to establish priorities for criminal intelligence gathering and subsequent analysis based on notions of social harm as perceived by the community?

a. Prob-oriented policing a
b. Intelligence-Led policing
c. Community policing
d. Strategic social harm

A

Strategic social harm

98
Q

What is the first direct consequence of the “demand gap”?
a.Time for preventative patrol is eroded by public demands for service

b. Recorded crime cannot be relied upon as a valid statistic
c. Public demand for service skyrockets

A

Time for preventative patrol is eroded by public demands for service

99
Q

Why do we need Intelligence-Led Policing? The answer lies in the

a. Nature of police organizations
b. Nature of crime
c. Nature of the community

A

Nature of crime

100
Q

The crime funnel shows that the criminal justice system

a. Is well placed to respond to the crime problem
b. Is not well placed to respond to the crime problem
c. Has no cause – effect relationship with the crime problem

A

Is not well placed to respond to the crime problem

101
Q

For every 1,000 crimes, what percent are detected?

a. Less than 1 percent
b. Less than 8 percent
c. More than 10 percent but less then 20 percent

A

Less than 8 percent

102
Q

One feature that is not possible to include in the crime funnel is the impact of

a. The serial offender
b. Organized crime
c. Juvenile crime
d. Terrorism

A

Organized crime

103
Q

Community policing

a. Is easily defined
b. Is difficult to define
c. Defies definition

A

Defies definition

104
Q

In the generalized characteristics of the five policing models below, which one has an unclear target?

a. Standard model
b. Community policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Compstat
e. Intelligence-Led policing

A

Community policing

105
Q

In the generalized characterizes of the five policing models below, which one has an expected benefit of increased efficiency?

a. Standard model of policing
b. Community policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Compstat
e. Intelligence-Led policing

A

Standard model of policing pg54

106
Q

In the generalized characteristics of the five policing models below, which one is easily adopted at the technical level, but is managerially challenging?

a. Standard model of policing
b. Community policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Compstat
e. Intelligence-Led policing

A

Intelligence-Led policing

107
Q

In the generalized characteristics of the five policing models below, which one has an orientation of crime groups, prolific and serious offenders?

a. Standard model of policing
b. Community policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Compstat
e. Intelligence-Led policing

A

Intelligence-Led policing

108
Q

Results of the Operation and Crime Review (OCR) form of Compstat provided substantial evidence that much of the reduction in burglary was the result of

a. Target hardening
b. Educating the public in efficient reporting
c. Targeting recidivist offenders
d. Recovering stolen property

A

Targeting recidivist offenders

109
Q

Intelligence-Led policing strives first and foremost to

a. Identify criminals
b. Reduce crime
c. Reduce recidivism

A

Reduce crime

110
Q

Many texts on criminal intelligence define intelligence as the product of

a. Data on crime and criminals
b. Information and analysis
c. Information and application

A

Information and analysis

111
Q

While conceptualizing intelligence is a challenge for policing, the one thread running through most definitions is that intelligence is

a. Dada on crime and criminals
b. Predictive of future criminal behavior
c. More than mere information

A

More than mere information

112
Q

In 2003 Herman Goldstein identified a pressing need for better-trained _____ to implement problem-oriented policing and develop Intelligence-Led policing

a. Supervisors
b. Mid-managers
c. Upper-managers
d. Crime analysts

A
  1. In 2003 Herman Goldstein identified a pressing need for better-trained _____ to implement problem-oriented policing and develop Intelligence-Led policing
    a. Supervisors
    b. Mid-managers
    c. Upper-managers
    d. Crime analysts
113
Q

Increasing the number of _____ variables recorded by police increased the chance of matching a crime to an offender, as long as the offender is previously known.

a. Modus operandi
b. Geo-cord
c. Victimization
d. Simple analysis

A

Modus operandi

114
Q

Police departments that do share information are ____ practicing Intelligence-Led policing

a. Not
b. Not necessarily
c. Almost always
d. Always

A

Not necessarily

115
Q

Separating crime and intelligence analysts within law enforcement agencies is a

a. Must
b. No-win situation
c. Win-win situation
d. Cause of improved information sharing

A

No-win situation

116
Q

Intelligence-Led policing is ______ covert policing

a. A close partner of
b. Not synonymous with
c. Synonymous with
d. Nearly identical to

A

Synonymous with

117
Q

Disruption is a ____ measure to stall crime

a. Temporary
b. Permanent
c. Covert
d. Overt

A

Temporary

118
Q

How long does an officer have to stop at a crime hot spot for there to be any lasting dampening effect on criminality?

a. Minimum of 5 minutes
b. Minimum of 10 minutes
c. Minimum of 30 minutes
d. Minimum of 1 hour

A

Minimum of 10 minutes

119
Q

In a Kansas City study using overtime for two, two-officer patrol cars to concentrate on a high-gun-crime beat for 29 weeks, for every gun seized how many gun crimes were prevented?

a. None
b. One
c. More than two
d. More than 20

A

More than two

120
Q

Studies suggest that while generally increasing numbers of police can help prevent crime, it is more useful to consider

a. Many other factors
b. How officers are trained
c. How officers are deployed
d. If mid-managers are held accountable

A

How officers are deployed

121
Q

Community with high economic status social cohesion the percentage of a crime being reported

A

46%

122
Q

The shift from reactive policing to risk policing has been driven by 2 factors

A

Radical Extremism and greater police oversight.

123
Q

Time spent on Crime prevention

A

1%

124
Q

________ refers to the nature and magnitude of a threat and the likelihood of it occurring.

A

Risk

125
Q

Within the intelligence community ______refers to the likelihood of aa adverse outcome that can cause harm and measuring the the threat simply relates to the chance that an adverse criminal activity will take place.

A

Threat

126
Q

The _______ that events cause may range from insignificant to catastrophic.
It is the negative consequence.

A

Harm

127
Q

NIMs 4 product decision makering

A

Strategic assessment- long term
Tactical assessment - short term
Subject profile - detailed report
Problem profile - emerging crime incident series

128
Q

ILP

What is the name of the Fbi’s counterintelligence program?

A

COINTELPRO

ILP (2 decks)

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