ILA liver

Question 1

Obstructive jaundice is commonly caused by gall stones within what structure?
A.
Common bile duct

B.
Cystic duct

C.
Gall bladder

D.
Pancreas

E.
right hepatic duct

Answer 1

A. common bile duct

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the control of bile secretion from the gall bladder?
A.
Cholecystokinin is released in response to the presence of amino acids in the gut.

B.
Cholecystokinin is released in response to the presence of carbohydrates in the gut.

C.
The entero-pancreatic reflex is mediated by the sympathetic system.

D.
The gall bladder synthesizes 50 mls of bile per day.

E.
The sympathetic nervous system releases Acetylcholine causing the gallbladder to contract.

Answer 2

A. Cholecystokinin is released in response to the presence of amino acids in the gut

Question 3

Describe the control of bile release from the gallbladder?

Answer 3

Vagus nerve (parasympathetic) releases acetylcholine causing the gallbladder to contract.
CCK is released in response to presence of amino acids in the gut as well as lipids, free fatty acids, peptides but NOT carbs or HCl
The entero-pancreatic reflex is mediated by the parasympathetic system

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a function of the liver?

A.
Conversion of thyroxine (T4) into triiodothyronine (T3)

B.
Glucagon synthesis

C.
Production of renin

D.
Production of Urobilinogen

E.
Storing Vitamins A C D E

Answer 4

Answer: A
B. glucagon is A cells in pancreas
C. renin produced in the kidneys
D. urobilinogen produced in the colon by bacteria
E. water soluble vitamin C not stored in the liver

Question 5

Microsomal enzyme uridine diphosphoglucoronosyl transferase (glucuronyl transferase) catalyses the formation of what?

A.
Conjugated bilirubin

B.
Free bilirubin

C.
Stercobilinogen

D.
Unconjugated bilirubin

E.
Urobilinogen

Answer 5

A. conjugated bilirubin
Glucuronyl acid added to unconjugated bilirubin to form conjugated bilirubin

Question 6

Which of the following causes an increased serum unconjugated (free) bilirubin and increased faecal urobilinogen?

A.
Hepatocellular cause of jaundice

B.
Mixed picture cause of jaundice

C.
Post-hepatic (obstructive) cause of jaundice

D.
Pre-hepatic cause of jaundice

Answer 6

D. Pre hepatic has both raised

Question 7

What are the symptoms for hepatocellular causes of jaundice?

Answer 7

Increased free bilirubin
Decreased faecal urobilinogen

Question 8

What are the symptoms for post hepatic causes of jaundice?

Answer 8

Normal free bilirubin
Absent faecal urobilinogen

Question 9

What is the cause of physiological jaundice in newborns?

A.
Diversion of portal blood flow into the umbilical vein

B.
Excess breakdown of foetal haemoglobin

C.
Horizontal alignment of the common bile duct as it enters the duodenum

D.
Immaturity of conjugation enzyme mechanisms in the liver

Answer 9

B. Excess breakdown of fetal haemoglobin

Question 10

What is the structure in the middle of the hepatic lobule?

Answer 10

Central vein

Question 11

The pancreas is responsible for secreting a number of essential substances.

Which of the following describes its secretory function?

A.
Glucagon inhibits the breakdown of glycogen

B.
Glucagon is secreted by the alpha (B) islet cells.

C.
Insulin is secreted by the beta (A) islet cells.

D.
Pancreatic polypeptide is secreted by the G islet cell.

E.
Somatostatin is secreted by the delta (D) islet cells

Answer 11

E. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that includes amongst its actions the inhibition of insulin and glucagon secretion