ILA high yield topics Flashcards
RF for self harm
- Socioeconomic disadvantage
- Social isolation
- Stressful life events
- Mental and physcial health problems
- Alcohol or drug misus =e
Suicide risk after self harm
Increased, esp if:
- Repeated episodes
- Males
- Expressed intent
- Physical health problems
Mx self harm
- Physical or psychological risk = urgent referral
- Treat minor injury
- Self poisoning = emergency
Self-harm review
- Within 48 hours in primary care to assess risk and needs
Long term SH management
- Harm minimization techniques and alternative coping strategies
- Care and crisis plan
- Refer for psychological interventions if needed
define hallucination
sensory perception that occurs in the absence of actual external stimulus
define delusion
abnormal belief held with subjective certainty which requires no external proof, held inf ace of contradictory evidence and personal significance to person involved
Positive psychosis symptoms
- Disorganised behaviour
- Thought disturbance
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
Negative psychosis sx
- Emotional blunting
- Reduced speech
- Loss of motivation
- Self neglect
- Social withdrawal
Schizoid personality disorder
- Indifference to praise or criticism
- Preference for solitary activities
- Lack of interes in sex or companionship
- Emotional coldness
- Few interests
- Few friends
Antisocial personality disorder
- Fail to conform to social norms
- Repeatedly lying, impulsiveness, irritability and aggression
- Consistent irresponsibility
- Lack remorse
Borderline personality disorder
- Emotionally unnstable
- Unstable relationships alternating between idealisation and devaluation
- Impulsivity in self damaging area
- Recurrent suicidal behaviour
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
- Occupied with details and ruls
- Perfectionism that hampers with tasks
- Dedicated, meticulous, scrupulous
- Unwilling to share tasks
- Stiff and stubborn
Bipolar disorder
- Characterised by episodic depressed and elated moods and increased activity
Manic episode
- Abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood lasting at least 1 week
- At least 3 other sx
- Severe enough to cause marked impairement in social or occupational functioning
- Psychotic eatres
hypomanic episode
- Sx for 4 days
- Not severe enough to cause marked impairement in functioning
- No psychotic features
bipolar management
- Psychological interventions
- Lithium = mood stabiliser
- Stop antidepressant if manic/hypomanic
Bulimia DSM 5
- Recurrent binge eating
- lack of control
- recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviour to prevent weight gain
- this ocurs at least 1 week for 3 months
Anorexia DSM5
- Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements keading to significantly low body weight
- Intense fear of gaining weight
- Disturbance in way ones body weight or shape is experienced
Learning disability
- Reduced ability to understand new or complex information, new skills
- Reduced ability to cope independently
- Started before adulthood with a lasting effect on development
Learning diffuculty
- Children and young people who have specific learning difficulties = dyslexia
- No significant general impairement of intelligence
Learning diffuculty
- Children and young people who have specific learning difficulties = dyslexia
- No significant general impairement of intelligence
CAM criteria for delirium
- Confusion that has developed suddenly and fluctuates
- Inattention
- Disorgansied thinking
- Altered LOC
PTSD
- More than 1 month
- Re experiencing
- avoidance
- hyperarousal
- Emotional numbing
anxiety mx
- sertraline
- alternative ssri or snri
pregabalin
In primary care, child with purpuric rash - what do you give
IM benzylpenicillin
Mx bacterial meningitis
- > 3m = ceftriaxone
- <3m cefotaxime and penicillin
Bacterial infection LP features
- Cloudy
- High protein
- Low glucose
- High neutriphils
Viral infection LP features
- Clear
- Mild proteins
- Normal glucose
- High lymphocytes
What does a salmon pink rash in a child with a limp show
JIA
JIA Tx
- NSAIDs
- DMARD
Criteria to diagnose kawasaki
- CREAM
- Conjunctivitis
- Rash (maculopapular)
- Erythema
- Adenopathy
- Mucosal involvement
- strawberry tongie
kawasaki management
- IvIG 10 days
- aspirin
Why dont normally give children aspirin
- Reyes syndrome
Diagnosing DKA
- Hyperglycaemia = >11 mmol/l
- Ketosis = >3mmol/l
- Acidosis = pH <7.3
DKA Mx
- Correct dehydration evenly over 48 hrs
- Fixed rate insulin infusion
Treatment of congenital hypothyroid
- Levothyroxine before 2 weeks old
- 10 - 15 mcg per kg
DD in sepsis
MISFITS
Metabolic
Inborn disorders metabolism
Sepsis
Formula
Intestinal
Toxins
Seizures
Trauma
Heart disease
Endocrine
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Congenital deficiency of 12 hydroxylase = underproduction cortisol and aldosterone and overproduce androgens
- AR
S=S CAH
- Virilised genitalia
- Enlarged clitoris
- Hyponatraemia hyperkalaemia and hypoglycaemia
- Poor feeding
- vomiting
- dehydration
- arrhythmia
Mx CAH
- Hydrocortisone
- fludrocortisone
Croup cause
parainfluenza
tx croup
oral dexamethaone = 0.15mg/kg
- oxygen
- nebulised budenoside
- nebulised adrenaline
cause of bronch
RSV
when is prevention of bronch done
- Monoclonal antibody to RSV (palivizumab) in high risk rpe term babies
inheritance of CF
AR
S+S CF
- chronic cough
- thick sputum
- recurrent respiratory tract infections
- steatorrhoea
- abdo pain and bloating
FTT
Sweat hloride result for CF
> 60 mmol/l
HF S+S paeds
- FTT
- SOB on exertion and feeding
- murmur
UTI
look at your mindmap its great
nephrotic syndrome diagnostic criteria
- Proteinuria
- Hypoalbuminaemia
- Oedema
mx nephrotic
- Steroids
- 60mg/m2 per day prednisolone
mx constipation
- movicol
- lactulose
- dietary advice
- disempaction
- NG kleanprep if severe
causes of cerebral palsy
- Antenatal = maternal infection, trauma in pregnancy
- perinatal = birth asphyxia, pre term birth
- postnatal = meningitis, jaundice, head injury
EEG absence seizure
- Fast generalised spike and wave discharges (3-5hx)
- bilaterally synchronous
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
- Myoclonic jerks after waking up
- Clumsy
squint
look at slides
Respiratory distress syndrome
- Can occur after C section as fluid not squeezed
harmful se of jaundice
kernicterus = encephalopathy from unconj bili in basal ganglia
pelvic organ prolapse
look
Reasons for failure to progress labour
PPP
Power
Passenger
Passage
Significance of meconium liqour
- sign of hypoxia and predictor of poor foetal outcome
- can indicate foetal distress
- breech = thick pure mec
time of thrombolysis
- within 4.5hrs onset
- ischaemic stroked only
optic neurtis
- reduced visual acuity over few days
- pain on moving eye
- exacerbated by heat or exercise
- afferent pupillary defect
- dyschromatopsia
typical ms features
- opti neuritis
- pyramidal weakness, spatic paraparesis
- sensory disturbance
- cerebellar sx
- bladder
- lhermitte and uhtoff
- fatigue
- umn signs
RF falling
- previous falls
- fear of falling
- gait and mobility
- balance
- drugs
- cardiovascular
- cognitive impairement
- incontinence
- stroke
- DM
