ILA 3: Chest Pain

Question 1

Which sentence best describes the relationships of BP and SVR with the parasympathetic nervous system?
A.) Parasympathetic nerves decrease peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby decreasing systemic vascular resistance and decreasing blood pressure
B.) Parasympathetic nerves increase peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby decreasing systemic vascular resistance and decreasing blood pressure
C.) Parasympathetic nerves decrease peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby increasing systemic vascular resistance and increasing blood pressure
D.) Parasympathetic nerves increases peripheral blood diameter thereby increasing systemic vascular resistance and increasing blood pressure
E.) Parasympathetic nerves do not have a major influence on peripheral blood vessel diameter as blood vessels do not have parasympathetic innervation

Answer 1

E: Parasympathetic nerves do not have a major influence on peripheral blood vessel diameter as blood vessels do not have parasympathetic innervation

Question 2

Which sentence best describes the relationships of SVR and BP with the sympathetic nervous system?
A.) Sympathetic nerves decreases peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby decreasing systemic vascular resistance and decreasing blood pressure
B.) Sympathetic nerves increase peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby decreasing systemic vascular resistance and decreasing blood pressure
C.) Sympathetic nerves decrease peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby increasing systemic vascular resistance and increasing blood pressure
D.) Sympathetic nerves increase peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby increasing systemic vascular resistance and increasing blood pressure
E.) Sympathetic nerves do not influence peripheral blood vessel diameter and have no effect on systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure

Answer 2

C: Sympathetic nerves decrease peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby increasing systemic vascular resistance and increasing blood pressure

Question 3

Occlusion is most likely to result in a fatal heart attack from the:
A.) Left main coronary artery
B.) Right main coronary artery
C.) Left circumflex artery
D.) Right circumflex artery
E.) Left anterior descending artery

Answer 3

A: Left main coronary artery

Question 4

Which nerve innervates the pericardium
A.) Vagus nerve
B.) T2-T4 intercostal nerves
C.) Phrenic nerve
D.) Medial Pectoral nerve
E.) Internal Thoracic nerve

Answer 4

C: Phrenic nerve

Question 5

If the end diastolic volume (EDV) in the average healthy person's left ventricle is 120mls, what would you expect the end systemic volume (ESV) to be?
A.) 0mls
B.) 10mls
C.) 50mls
D.) 70mls
E.) 100mls

Answer 5

C: 50 mls

Question 6

Which of these following statements is correct:
A.) Atrial systole corresponds to closure of the tricuspid valve
B.) Atrial contraction occurs before the P-wave on ECG
C.) Ventricular systole corresponds to the closure of the pulmonary valve
D.) Ventricular volume increases during ventricular systole
E.) For part of the cardiac cycle, both atrial and ventricular diastole occur together

Answer 6

E: For part of the cardiac cycle, both atrial and ventricular diastole occur together

Question 7

Consider the pressure changes within the heart and decided which pressure is most affected in the following situation: Increases in this signifies left heart failure:
A.) Left atrial end-diastolic pressure
B.) Left atrial end-systolic pressure
C.) Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
D.) Left ventricular end-systolic pressure
E.) Mean aortic pressure

Answer 7

C: Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

Question 8

Consider the pressure changes within the heart and decided which pressure is most affected in the following situation: Increase in this indicates mitral valve stenosis
A.) Left atrial end-diastolic pressure
B.) Left atrial end-systolic pressure
C.) Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
D.) Left ventricular end-systolic pressure
E.) Mean aortic pressure

Answer 8

B: Left atrial end-systolic pressure

Question 9

What is the purpose of the Ductus Arteriosus in the foetal cardiovascular system?
A.) Allow blood to bypass the foetal lungs by shunting it from the right atrium to the left atrium
B.) Allow blood to bypass the foetal lungs by shunting it from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
C.) Allow blood to bypass the foetal systemic circulation by shunting it from the left atrium to the right atrium
D.) Allow blood to bypass the foetal systemic circulation by shunting it from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
E.) Allow blood to bypass the foetal liver by shunting maternal blood to the inferior vena cava

Answer 9

B: Allow blood to bypass the foetal lungs by shunting it from the pulmonary artery to the aorta

Question 10

Pulmonary oedema is the presence of a normal central venous pressure is a sign of:
A.) Right heart failure
B.) Left heart failure
C.) Biventricular failure
D.) Biatrial failure
E.) Respiratory failure

Answer 10

B: Left heart failure

Question 11

Severe pulmonary hypertension is a cause of:
A.) Right heart failure
B.) Left heart failure
C.) Biventricular failure
D.) Biatrial failure
E.) Isolated septal hypertrophy

Answer 11

A: Right heart failure

Question 12

Shortness of breath, severe peripheral oedema and ascites after a heart attack indicated:
A.) Right heart failure
B.) Left heart failure
C.) Biventricular failure
D.) Biatrial failure
E.) Isolated septal hypertrophy

Answer 12

C: Biventricular failure

Question 13

Define the normal pathway of conduction through the heart
A: SAN/ B: Bundle of his/ C: Contraction of the atria/ D: Purkinje fibres/ E: AVN/ F: Contraction of the ventricles

1. ) E/C/A/B/D/F
2. ) A/E/C/B/D/F
3. ) A/C/E/B/D/F
4. ) E/C/A/D/B/F
5. )A/C/E/D/B/F

Answer 13

3: A/C/E/B/D/F

Question 14

Which artery most frequently supplies the AVN?
A.) Left coronary artery
B.) Right coronary artery
C.) Left circumflex artery
D.) Posterior descending artery
5.) Left anterior descending artery

Answer 14

B: Right coronary artery