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Equine Med: MBTC > III. URINARY SYSTEM PROBLEMS > Flashcards

III. URINARY SYSTEM PROBLEMS Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation is worse in ___ horses (female vs. male)

A

Female

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2
Q

normal temp. of horses

A

37.2-38.5 C

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3
Q

normal HR of horses

A

28-40 bpm

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4
Q

normal RR of horses

A

10-14 rpm

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5
Q

good measure of glomerular filtration rate;
good kidney base values

A

Creatinine

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6
Q

can gauge kidney condition but not as reliable

A

BUN

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7
Q

normal creatinine clearance for equines

A

1.38-1.87 ml/min/kg

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8
Q

formula for creatinine clearance:

A

Urine volume (ml) x Urine creatinine (mg/dl)/ time (min) x Serum creatinine (mg/dl) x BW (kg) = ___ ml/min/kg

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9
Q

Better measure for kidney fxn

A

creatinine clearance

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10
Q

decreased creatinine clearance = ____ glomerular
filtration rate

A

decreased

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11
Q

formula for excretion

A

Filtration - Reabsorption + Secretion

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12
Q

Normal water intake

A

4-6%

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13
Q

normal urine frequency

A

7-11x/day

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14
Q

normal urine color and consistency

A

yellow brown;
semi-viscous;
opaque

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15
Q

normal urine pH

A

7.8-8.5

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16
Q

normal urine volume

A

1-3% of BW/day

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17
Q

racehorses can consume __ liters of water

A

50

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18
Q

Telltale sign of issues with urinary system

A

urine scalding or staining

19
Q

stretching that alleviates pain more caudally in the abdomen

A

Caudal abdominal area stretching

20
Q

Most common and most important sign to be noted (urinary problem)

A

Polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD)

21
Q

2 blood tests for examination of urinary system

A
  1. hematology
  2. serum biochemistry
22
Q

most common imaging

A

ultrasonography

23
Q

results of physical examination in acute renal failure

A

enlarged and pain only observed

24
Q

results of physical examination in chronic renal failure

A

firmness, shrinkage and surface irregularity

25
Q

indication for biopsy

A

cysts, tumors

26
Q

location of left kidney (for ultrasound)

A

Between 15th - 17th intercostal space (deep to spleen);

27
Q

location of right kidney (for ultrasound)

A

Between 15th - 17th intercostal space (dorsal and superficial);
near tuber coxae

28
Q

most common way of collecting urine

A

free catch method

29
Q

shape of kidney in cross-section

A

heart-shaped

30
Q

what type of kidney disease:
- marked PUPD
- Edema; hypoNA, hypoCL
- elevated creatinine

A

Chronic Kidney Disease

31
Q

what type of kidney disease:
- spike in kidney values
- severe impairment of filtration
- complete anuria
- Proteinuria ++, low SG, hematuria
- very high creatinine

A

Acute Kidney Disease

32
Q

elevation, or buildup of, nitrogenous products, creatinine in the blood (Crea: 1.7 mg/dL or higher), and other secondary waste products within the body.

A

Azotemia

33
Q

3 causes of Acute Kidney Disease / ARF in order of frequency (hint: N.O.H)

A
  1. Nephrotoxic substances
  2. Obstructive
  3. Hemodynamic (rare)
34
Q

common toxins in horses

A

NSAID excess/overdose

35
Q

antibiotic that is most risky when used orally in horses – can cause acute kidney disease

A

Aminoglycosides

36
Q

preferred dietary adjustment as tx for CKD

A

Less protein, more carbs, more fat

racehorses: High calorie count

37
Q

most commonly reported strains of Leptospira

A

pomona & and icterohaemorrhagiae, hardjo (serovars)

38
Q

3 IH of Leptospira

A

rats, mice, birds

39
Q

CS: Birth of unthrifty foals w/limited life
expectancy

What disease?

A

Leptospirosis

40
Q

Telltale sign of Leptospirosis

A

Uveitis

41
Q

Antibiotics used as tx for Leptospirosis (hint: P.E.C.D)

A

Penicillins,
Enrofloxacin,
Cephalosporins,
Doxycyclines

42
Q

Cases of abscessation can be observed in injection sites of what drug?

A

enrofloxacin

43
Q

an intense microbial drug

A

enrofloxacin

44
Q

various inflammatory cytokines are produced at a much higher rate than normal

A

Cytokine storm

Equine Med: MBTC (6 decks)

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