IID Flashcards
Aristotle’s work is entitled
Historia Animalium (330 BCE)
Who further discovered two types of honey bee dances?
Karl von Frisch
A type of dance that indicates the food source is close (50 m or < 50 m away) / (within 10 m)
Round Dance
A type of dance done if the food source is far away (> 150 m away)
Tail-waggle / Waggle dance
The bee runs in a small circle over 6 adjacent cells, reverses, and returns
Round dance
The bee runs in a straight line, returns in a semicircle, runs again, and runs on the other side
Tail-waggle dance / Waggle dance
What does waggle dance indicate?
Direction of the source
Distance proportional to the distance of the source
Buzzing
In a waggle dance, there is little wagging and no buzzing which indicates?
Low Sugar
In a waggle dance, there is pronounced wagging and loud buzzing which indicates?
High sugar
In a waggle dance, direction is shown as
Angle of waggle run
In a waggle dance, distance is shown as
Number of waggles per run/sec per run
Dance Tempo (# of circuits / circular per unit time)
In a waggle dance, quality is shown as
Duration of dance (total waggle runs)
In a waggle dance, taste and smell is shown as
Free samples (from dancer)
A type of flight bees do preceding their first foraging fights
Orientation flights
How is orientation flight performed?
Young bee fly a short distance in front, turn by about 180 degrees facing the hive, then hover back & forth in arcs
Ever increasing circles around & above the hive and after few minutes, the bee returns to the hive
When do orientation flights tend to take place?
Warm windless afternoons
How about those “foragers to be” during orientation flights?
They void their feces / fecal matter
This is generated internally by the animal and is independent of its immediate surroundings
Egocentric information
This includes landmarks and any map information available to the animal
Geocentric information
Path integration is an example of this information (uses internal calculations of distance & direction travelled)
Egocentric information
In one day, a honey bee can visit up to how many flowers for nectar and pollen?
10,000 flowers
How many flowers is needed to make one pound of honey?
One million flowers
50 kg of honey is equivalent to how many kg of pollen?
1 kg
What does water do during hot days?
Regulate the hive temperature via collecting water and pouring it on the body of fanning bees
Another purpose of water in nurse bees?
For producing liquid food to feed larvae on cool days
Working cooperatively with thousands of honey bees as part of a huge colony known as ?
Superorganism
What does red color looks like to honey bees?
Black
These colors are what honey bees find most appealing?
Blue, Purple, and Yellow
These are bees’ light sensors
Ocelli / three small eyes
These eyes are for sight
Compound eyes / 2 large eyes
When it is too hot, bees will cluster outside the hive at night (near and above the hive entrance (foraging bees))
Bearding
Purpose of bearding
Maintain the inside temperature of hive (90 - 97 degrees Fahrenheit or 32 - 36 degrees Celsius)
Reduce moisture of nectar (17% - 21%) by allowing more airflow inside the hive
Bees use their wings for cooling hive down and direct returning of foragers
Fanning
Bees vibrate their wings and their abdomen is directed upward to allow the release of Nasanov pheromone for?
Informing the foraging bees to their hive correctly
Bees rock back and forth across the hive entrance with their legs, antennae, and mouthparts touching the hive as they go
Wash boarding
Purpose of wash boarding
Cleaning the hive entrance, releasing Nasanov and tarsal pheromones for foraging bees to find the hive entrance
What does the queen bee do to her rival?
Kills any rival to ensure colony survival
Bees at the entrance of the hive are flying in and out, wrestling each other at the hive entrance and in the ground
Robbing
Robbing occurs due to
When food is scarce during rainy season
A natural behavior for honey bees colony multiplication
Swarming
During swarming, the worker bee and queen bee ?
Worker bees gorge themselves full of honey
Queen is deprived of food for a few days so it can fly
When does swarming usually occur
10:00 AM to 2:00 PM
When does defecation marks show on the hive surface?
If bees are sick with Nosema disease
Colors that are not intimidating to worker bees
White, Blue, Purple, Yellow, Green
Three flower colors that bees do not like
Red, Black
Colors honey bee can see
Blue, Purple, Yellow
