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RENAL > II: Tubular Transport I > Flashcards

II: Tubular Transport I Flashcards

1
Q

% of H2O and waste substances in urine over 24h

A

95% H2O

5% waste substances

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2
Q

Volume of urine in 24 hours

A

<1.5L

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3
Q

Urine formation through

A

Modification of glomerular ultrafiltrate through reabsorption and secretion

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4
Q

Which is most selective, filtration, reabsorption or secretion

A

Secretion

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5
Q

Filtration definition

A

Outflow of fluid from glomerular capillaries to renal tubule

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6
Q

Reabsorption definition

A

Transport of substances from inside tubule to blood

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7
Q

Secretion definition

A

Transport of substances from blood to interior of tubule

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8
Q

Excretion definition

A

Elimination of substances to the exterior of urine

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9
Q

Excretion =

A

Filtration - Rebasorption + Secretion

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10
Q

3 patterns of reabsorption

A

Complete absoprtion
Zero absorption
Regulated and variable reabsorption

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11
Q

Complete reabsorption definition and examples

A

Substances that are filtered but are completely reabsorbed
Glucose
Aa

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12
Q

Zero absorption definition and examples

A

Filtered but NOT reabsorbed

Creatine

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13
Q

Regulated and variable reabsorption definition and examples

A

Reabsorption depending on circumstances

Na+ Cl- HCO3- K+

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14
Q

Filtered rate equation

A

FF = GFR x [Substance] plasma

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15
Q

Excretion rate equation

A

Excretion rate = Urine V x [Substance] urine

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16
Q

Reabsorption rate / secretion rate

A

= Filtered rate - excretion rate

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17
Q

Vectorial transport definition

A

Net movement of substances from reabsorption or secretion

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18
Q

Microvilli, bursh border of proximal tubule allow for

A

Large absorptive area

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19
Q

High mitochondria + relying on aerobic metabolism in

A

Proximal tubule

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20
Q

How much Na+ reabsorption in early + late proximal convoluted tubule

A

67%

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21
Q

How much H2O reabsorption in early + late proximal convoluted tubule

A

67%

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22
Q

Reabsorption of Na+ and H2O in proximal convoluted tubule is

A

ISOSMOTIC REABSORPTION

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23
Q

In early proximal tubule, Na+ reabsorbed with

A

HCO3- and organic soluted

24
Q

In late proximal convoluted tubule, Na+ reabsorbed with

A

Cl-

25
Q

Glomerulotubular balance definition

A

Ability to reabsorb a constant fraction of glomerular filtrate

26
Q

Where is glomerulotubular balance found

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

27
Q

Early proximal tubule

A

Na+ reabsorption

28
Q

Early proximal tubule transporters

A

SGT-2
AQP-2
ATP

29
Q

Early proximal tubule primary active transport

A

Na/K-ATPase

30
Q

Early proximal tubule, facilitated diffusion of

A

Glucose, Aa, phosphate, citrate and lactate

31
Q

Early proximal tubule Na+ reabsorbtion causes (pH and ∏pc)

A 
Decrease pH (more acidic) due to citrate, lactate reabsorption 
Increase in πpc (proximal capillary oncotic pressur)
32
Q

Na+ - glucose
Na - Aa cotransport
have a negative potential in tubular lumen causing

A

Low chloride reabsorption

33
Q

Expression of AQP2 causes

A

High hydraulic permeability

34
Q

Early proximal tubule, Bicarbonate reabsoprtion channels involved

A 
NHE3 (H+ / Na+ exchange)
SGT2 (Na+ / glucose exchange)
SGT2 (glucose)
AQP2 (passing of H2O)
Na+ / K+ATPase
35
Q

By how much does [HCO3-] drop to due to secretion of hydrogen ions

A

25mmol to 5mmol

36
Q

Glucose reabsorption through

A

SGT2 cotransporter

Na+ / glucose

37
Q

On the second half, glucose reabsorption completed by

A

SGT1

38
Q

Max glucose transport

A

320mg/min

39
Q

EX. diabetes on concentration of glucose in blood

A

More glucose filtered and reabsorbed so tubule is SATURATED

Urine is hypertonic so water cannot be reabsorbed by nephron = polyuria (too much urination)

40
Q

What causes the negative potential in tubular lumen (proximal tubule)

A

The Na+ / glucose and

Na+ / Aa

41
Q

When is Cl reabsorbed in proximal tubule

A

In late proximal tubule

42
Q

Transcellular route

A

H2O and solutes return to bloodstream by passing through tubule cell

43
Q

Paracellular route

A

H2O and solutes return to bloodstream w/o crossing tubule cell

44
Q

Cl transport to bloodstream can be

A

Transcellular or paracellular

45
Q

Late proximal tubule, Cl- reabsorption channels

A

SGT1 (Glucose/Na+)
SGT2 (Glucose)
NHE3 (H+/Na+)
Na+/K+ATPase

Cl-/Formiato
At top Cl- crosses with Na+
At bottom Cl- crosses with H2O

46
Q

Proximal tubule reabsorbs
H2O, Na+, K+, Cl-
Glucose, Aa
Bicarbonate

A

65% H2O, Na+, K+, Cl-
100% Glucose, Aa
85-90% Bicarbonate

47
Q

Proximal tubule in reabsorbing protein

A

It absorbs small amounts of albumin that filtrate

ALMOST COMPLETELY REABSORBED

48
Q

Proximal tubule in secretion

A

Removes retained solutes from circulation

49
Q

Why is secretion important

A

Because it is a VITAL HOMEOSTATIC FUNCTION to clear endogenous solutes and medication

50
Q

Basolateral transporters

A

move solutes from interstitium to proximal tubular cells

51
Q

Organic anion transporters

A

OAT1 , OAT2, OAT3

52
Q

Organic cation transporters

A

OCT2

53
Q

Transporters used for soluted to be secreted into urine

A

Energy dependent apical transporters

54
Q

What must be constant in proximal tubule (Glomerulotubular balance)

A

Balance between reabsorption and glomerular filtration

55
Q

Angiotensin II stimulates

A

NHE-3 exchange

Therefore increased Na+, Cl-, HCO3- and H2O reabsorption

56
Q

Through what receptor does sympathetic system increase Na+, Cl+ and H2O reabsorption in proximal tubule

A

B2 receptor

RENAL (9 decks)

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