Development and anatomy

Question 1

Order of systems develpment

Answer 1

Pronephros - mesonephros - metanephros

Question 2

Origin of development order

Answer 2

Intermediate mesoderm - urogenital ridge - NEPHROGENIC CORD

Question 3

What gives rise to urinary system

Answer 3

Nephrogenic cord

Question 4

What forms the mesoneprhos

Answer 4

Mesonephric duct

Question 5

At what week does pronephros appear

Answer 5

4th

Question 6

At what week does mesonephros appear?

Answer 6

4th week

Question 7

Key characteristic of pronephros

Answer 7

It is NOT functional

Question 8

Relationship between mesonephric duct and digestive system

Answer 8

Share a caudal end: cloaca

Question 9

At what week does metanephros appear

Answer 9

5th week

Question 10

At what week does metanephros take over?

Answer 10

10th week

Question 11

Where does the metanephros appear at 5th week

Answer 11

Pelvic region

Question 12

What induces the growth of metanephros?

Answer 12

Mesonephric duct

Question 13

What is the ureteric bud?

Answer 13

Outgrowth of mesonephric duct

Question 14

Ureteric bud will give rise to:

Answer 14

COLLECTING SYSTEM

Question 15

Metanephros will give rise to:

Answer 15

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Question 16

What forms the collecting system:

Answer 16

Ureter, renal pelvis, major calyces, minor calyces and collecting tubules

Question 17

Reciprocal induction between:

Answer 17

Ureteric bud and metanephric tissue

Question 18

Diseases of perturbation of development:

Answer 18

Unilateral agenesis: no symptoms

Bilateral agenesis: potter sequence + oligohydramios

Question 19

Function of kidneys at 16th week

Answer 19

Contribute in amniotic fluid volume

Question 20

Differences in innervation from changes in position

Answer 20

1st innervation by iliac arteries at pelvic region

2nd innervation by arteries from aorta at L1, renal arteries

Question 21

Pelvic kidney deformity

Answer 21

Kidney not ascending

Question 22

Horseshoe kidney

Answer 22

Caudal poles fusing together, hooked to inferior mesentric artery L3

Question 23

Supernumerary arteries

Answer 23

From L1 iliac arteries not dissapearing in innervation

Question 24

Rib association of left kidney

Answer 24

XI and XII

Question 25

Rib association of right kidney

Answer 25

XII b/c it is lower due to liver

Question 26

Definition of retroperitoneal structures

Answer 26

Behind, externally, to the peritoneum

Question 27

Relationship between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal structures

Answer 27

They are separated by a membrane

Question 28

Posterior associations of kidney

Answer 28

Superior: diaphragm
Medial: psoas
Intermediate: quadratus lumborum
Lateral: transversus abdominis

Question 29

Order of a transverse section:

Answer 29

Kidney - perinephric fat - renal fascia - paranephric fat

Question 30

What is the papilla

Answer 30

The entering to minor calyces

Question 31

Relationship between left renal vein and superior mesentric artery

Answer 31

Left renal vein crosses posteriorly to superior mesentric artery to drain into inferior cava vein. Normally, veins are anterior to arteries. But here the superior mesentric artery is anterior to left renal vein

Question 32

Anterior segments

Answer 32

Superior
Anterosuperior
Anteroinferior
Inferior

Question 33

Posterior segments

Answer 33

Posterior

Question 34

Sympathetic innvervation

Answer 34

Splanchich thoracic nerves

Question 35

Parasympathetic innervation

Answer 35

S2-S4

Question 36

Innervation of urethra order

Answer 36

Renal arteries - testicular arteries - caudal branches of common iliac arteries - internal iliac arteries

Question 37

Most important ureteric constrictions

Answer 37

Uteropelvic junction