Development and anatomy Flashcards
Order of systems develpment
Pronephros - mesonephros - metanephros
Origin of development order
Intermediate mesoderm - urogenital ridge - NEPHROGENIC CORD
What gives rise to urinary system
Nephrogenic cord
What forms the mesoneprhos
Mesonephric duct
At what week does pronephros appear
4th
At what week does mesonephros appear?
4th week
Key characteristic of pronephros
It is NOT functional
Relationship between mesonephric duct and digestive system
Share a caudal end: cloaca
At what week does metanephros appear
5th week
At what week does metanephros take over?
10th week
Where does the metanephros appear at 5th week
Pelvic region
What induces the growth of metanephros?
Mesonephric duct
What is the ureteric bud?
Outgrowth of mesonephric duct
Ureteric bud will give rise to:
COLLECTING SYSTEM
Metanephros will give rise to:
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
What forms the collecting system:
Ureter, renal pelvis, major calyces, minor calyces and collecting tubules
Reciprocal induction between:
Ureteric bud and metanephric tissue
Diseases of perturbation of development:
Unilateral agenesis: no symptoms
Bilateral agenesis: potter sequence + oligohydramios
Function of kidneys at 16th week
Contribute in amniotic fluid volume
Differences in innervation from changes in position
1st innervation by iliac arteries at pelvic region
2nd innervation by arteries from aorta at L1, renal arteries
Pelvic kidney deformity
Kidney not ascending
Horseshoe kidney
Caudal poles fusing together, hooked to inferior mesentric artery L3
Supernumerary arteries
From L1 iliac arteries not dissapearing in innervation
Rib association of left kidney
XI and XII
Rib association of right kidney
XII b/c it is lower due to liver
Definition of retroperitoneal structures
Behind, externally, to the peritoneum
Relationship between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal structures
They are separated by a membrane
Posterior associations of kidney
Superior: diaphragm
Medial: psoas
Intermediate: quadratus lumborum
Lateral: transversus abdominis
Order of a transverse section:
Kidney - perinephric fat - renal fascia - paranephric fat
What is the papilla
The entering to minor calyces
Relationship between left renal vein and superior mesentric artery
Left renal vein crosses posteriorly to superior mesentric artery to drain into inferior cava vein. Normally, veins are anterior to arteries. But here the superior mesentric artery is anterior to left renal vein
Anterior segments
Superior
Anterosuperior
Anteroinferior
Inferior
Posterior segments
Posterior
Sympathetic innvervation
Splanchich thoracic nerves
Parasympathetic innervation
S2-S4
Innervation of urethra order
Renal arteries - testicular arteries - caudal branches of common iliac arteries - internal iliac arteries
Most important ureteric constrictions
Uteropelvic junction
