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Prelim: Parasitology > II. Specimen Collection, Transport And Processing > Flashcards

II. Specimen Collection, Transport And Processing Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that can interfere with the diagnosis

A
  • antidiarrheals
  • antacids
  • bismuth
  • barium
  • laxatives
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2
Q

How much sample is needs for formed stool

A

2-5 grams (walnut/thumb size)

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3
Q

How much sample do you need for watery stool sample

A

5-6 spoons

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4
Q

Proper labeling of specimen should include

A
  • patients name
  • patient ID
  • age
  • sex
  • date and time of collection
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5
Q

General considerations

A

1) number and type of specimen

2) time factor in examination

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6
Q

Passed on continual basis

A

Helminth eggs

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7
Q

Passed intermittently multiple specimen collected at 2-3 days interval

A

Protozoans

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8
Q

Should be examined within 30 minutes because it contain trophozoites which are fragile.

A

Watery sample

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9
Q

Should be examined > 1 hr, or within the day

A

Formed specimen

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10
Q

Collection of specimen

A

1) use a clean, watertight container with a tight-fitting lid
2) bring sample immediately to the laboratory

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11
Q

Things that you should NEVER do in specimen collection

A

Never:
• leave the specimens exposed to the air container without lids
• accept specimens mixed with urine or water
• examine specimen without proper PPEs

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12
Q

Thing that you should ALWAYS remember in specimen collection

A

Always:

• prioritize examination of liquid stools especially those containing mucus or blood

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13
Q

It preserves the morphology

A

Fixatives of preservation

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14
Q

What is the recommended ratio of fixative to stool

A

3 fixative : 1 stool (3:1)

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15
Q

5 Fixative of preservation

A
  • formalin
  • polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
  • sodium acetate formalin (SAF)
  • modified PVA
  • single vial system
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16
Q

Always or never: Freeze the stool sample

A

NEVER

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17
Q

1) a fixative that can destroy the trophozoites
2) an all purpose fixative
3) may be routinely
4) used for direct examination & concentration procedure but not for permanent stain

A

Formalin

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18
Q

What is the concentration of formalin for the protozoan cyst

A

5%

19
Q

What is the concentration of formalin for the trophozoites

A

10%

20
Q

2 advantages of formalin

A
  • easy to prepare

* preserves the specimen

21
Q

1) a permanent staining

2) contains Mercuric chloride

A

Schaudinn’s solution

22
Q

A fixative that is very toxic

A

Mercuric chloride

23
Q

It is amalgamate substance that is found in the thermometers

A

Mercury

24
Q

1) acts as an adhesive for the stool specimen when preparing slides for staining
2) combined with Schaudinn’s fixative

A

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

25
Q

1) advantage of polyvinyl alcohol

2) disadvantage of PVA

A

1) used for permanent staining

2) it contains mercuric chloride

26
Q

A fixative that is used as an alternative to PVA-Shaudinn’s

A

Sodium acetate formalin (SAF)

27
Q

1) advantages of SAF

2) disadvantages of SAF

A

1) easy to prepare, long shelf life

2) adherence are not good, Protozoans morphology is not clear

28
Q

1) another alternative to Mercury based PVA

2) contains copper sulfate or zinc sulfate

A

Modified polyvinyl alcohol

29
Q

1) advantage of MPA

2) disadvantage of MPA

A

1) can be used for concentration and staining methods

2) bad quality of fixing

30
Q

1) useful for fixation of parasite

2) staining of preserved stool in MIF yields unsatisfactory result

A

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (MIF)

*formalin is the preservative

31
Q

2 processes or examination of specimen

A
  • macroscopic examination of specimen

* microscopic examination of specimen

32
Q

What are being tested in the macroscopic examination

A

Color

Consistency

33
Q

Stool according to color

A

Black
Yellow
Brown
Green

34
Q

Stool according to consistency

A

Formed
Watery
Smooth

35
Q

1) an examination to identify the parasite
2) to detect motile trophozoites
3) to detect larva, eggs and cyst present
4) to detect erythrocytes, pus cells, fat globules and Charcot Leyden Crystals

A

Microscopic examination of specimen

36
Q

Product of eosinophil degradation

A

Charcot Leyden crystal

37
Q

2 common lab procedures for stool analysis

A

Direct fecal smear

Kato thick smeat

38
Q

Simplest screening procedure for intestinal parasite

A

Direct fecal smear

39
Q

How many percent does it need for the NaCl/NSS in direct fecal smear

A

0.85%

40
Q

Used to detect live motile trophozoites

A

NSS

41
Q

1) used to easily visualize the structure
2) acts as stain
3) oldest stain
4) low sensitivity

A

Lugol’s iodine

42
Q

How many mg is used in every lab procedure of stool

A

2 mg of stool

43
Q

True or False: For proper collection and handling of specimen there should be no contamination

A

True

Prelim: Parasitology (2 decks)

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