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Prelim: Parasitology > I. Introduction to Parasitology > Flashcards

I. Introduction to Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms that live on and obtain their nutrients from another organism (host)

A

Parasites

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2
Q

Harbors the parasite

A

Host

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3
Q

3 effects of parasite

A
  • enlargement of stomach
  • rectal prolapse
  • diarrhea
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4
Q

4 parasite-host relationship

A
  • symbiosis
  • commensalism
  • mutualism
  • parasitism
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5
Q

A parasite-host relationship that “live together”

A

Symbiosis

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6
Q

A parasite-host relationship where 1 is beneficial; 1 is unharmed

A

Commensalism

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7
Q

1) organisms that benefit from us but don’t harm us
2) cannot cause disease
3) ex: Normal flora and Entamoeba coli

A

Commensals

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8
Q

A parasite-host relationship that benefit each other

A

Mutualism

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9
Q

A parasite-host relationship that 1 benefit; 1 harm

A

Parasitism

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10
Q

Can cause disease or infection

A

Pathogenic

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11
Q

6 host classification

A
  • accidental/incident host
  • definitive host
  • intermediate host
  • reservoir host
  • transport host
  • carrier
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12
Q

1) host other than the normal one that is harboring a parasite
2) ex: humans in Toxocara catti

A

Accidental/incidental host

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13
Q

1) normally found in cats

2) an infection

A

Toxocara catti

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14
Q

1) host in which the adult sexual phase of parasite development occurs
2) harbors the mature

A

Definitive host

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15
Q

1) host in the larval asexual phase of parasite development occurs
2) it harbors the immature/young form

A

Intermediate host

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16
Q

1) host harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected
2) a means of transport

A

Reservoir host

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17
Q

1) host responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another
2) transport parasite to the host

A

Transport host

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18
Q

1) parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical symptoms but can infect others
2) no signs/symptoms

A

Carrier

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19
Q

1) study of parasite-host relationship

2) study of parasites

A

Parasitology

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20
Q

4 parasite classification

A

1) based on habitat
2) based on relationship between host-parasite
3) based on the effect of parasite on the host
4) based on transmission

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21
Q

1) parasite that lives outside
2) ex: skin
E) vector: mosquito and lices

A

Ectoparasite

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22
Q

Parasite that lives inside

A

Endoparasite

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23
Q

1) parasite that cannot survive outside

2) needs a host

A

Obligatory parasite

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24
Q

Give 1 example of obligatory parasite (scientific name and common name) found in humans

A

S.N: Ascaris lumbricoides

C.N: Giant intestinal round worm

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25
1) parasite that may/may not require a host | 2) free living stage
Facultative parasite
26
1) give 1 example of a facultative parasite (scientific name and common name) Clue: smallest nomatode
S.N: Strongyloides stercoralis | C.N: Thread worm
27
A parasite that visits the host only during feeding time
Intermittent parasite
28
A parasite that infects the host with underlying disease
Opportunistic parasite
29
1) can cause immunosuppression
HIV = AIDS
30
Can only infect you if you have disease
Opportunistic parasite
31
4 example of opportunistic parasite
* Coccidian * Isospora belli * Cryptosporidium spp. * Cyclospora cayetanensis
32
"Transient " stay in the host
E. spurious
33
Where it is not normally lives in a host
F. Accidental/incidental
34
2 effects of parasites on the host
* pathogenic (cause disease) | * non pathogenic (commensals)
35
Transmissions of parasites
* soil transmitted * arthropod/vector transmitted * food-borne * water-borne * direct contact
36
What is STH?
Soil Transmitted Helminths
37
What are Helminths?
They are worms
38
4 soil transmitted helminths
* Ascaris lumbricoides * Trichuris trichura * hookworm * Strongyloides stercoralis
39
What are the unholy 3 Helminths found in soil
* Ascaris lumbricoides * Trichuris trichura * hookworm
40
Scientific name of whipworms
Trichuris trichura
41
4 different hookworms
* Necator americanus * Ancylostoma duodenale * Ancylostoma braziliense * Ancylostoma caninum
42
2 hookworms found in the human body
* Necator americanus | * Ancylostoma duodenale
43
Hookworm found in cats
Ancylostoma braziliense
44
Hookworm found in dogs
Ancylostoma caninum
45
Carries the infective stage of the parasite
Arthropod/vector transmitted
46
2 types of arthropod/vector transmission
* biological | * mechanical
47
Type of arthropod/vector that is part of the life cycle
Biological
48
1) phonetic vector; not part of the life cycle | 2) ex: cockroach
Mechanical
49
What is the vector for the malaria/filarial worm
Mosquitoes
50
5 malarial parasite
* Plasmodium falciparum * Plasmodium ovale * Plasmodium vivax * Plasmodium malariae * Plasmodium knowlesi (5th malarial parasite)
51
Ascaris lumbricoides is caused by
Cockroaches
52
4 filarial worms
* Wuchereria bancrofti * Brugia malayi * Loa loa * Onchocerca volvolus
53
Vector of Loa loa
Deer fly
54
Vector of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
Mosquitoes
55
Vector of Onchocerca volvolus
Black fly
56
Vector of Leishmania
Sand fly
57
2 types of Trypanosomes
1) American trypanosome (Trypanosoma Cruzi) | 2) African trypanosome (Trypanosoma brucei complex)
58
3 example of African trypanosome
* Trypanosoma brucei complex * Trypanosoma gambiense * Trypanosoma rhodisiense
59
Vector of African trypanosome
Tse tse fly
60
3 names of the American trypanosome
* assassin bug * kissing bug * Triatomine bug
61
In Ixodes (ticks) which is harmless harbors it
Babesia
62
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
63
Snail
Schistosoma species
64
7 food borne worms
1) Taenia spp (T.solium and T. saginata) 2) Trichenella spiralis 3) Toxoplasma gondii 4) Capillaria philippinensis 5) Heterophyds 6) Fasciolid
65
Scientific name of pork tapeworm
Taenia solium
66
Scientific name of beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
67
Common name of Trichenella spiralis
Muscle worm
68
Food borne in siopao that is found in cats
Toxoplasma gondii
69
Food borne found in fish
``` Capillaria philippinensis (mystery worm or pus of worm) Ex: Birot fish and Bagsang ```
70
Example of Heterophyds
Heterophyes heterophyes
71
Food borne of crabs
Paragonimus westormanii (Oriental lung fluke)
72
Food borne of vegetables
Fasciolid
73
Examples of Fasciola
``` Fasciola hepatica (gigantica) Fasciolopsis buskii ```
74
Usually Protozoans (single celled organisms)
Water borne
75
5 example of water borne
``` Amoeba (Entamoeba coli) Giardia lamblia Blastocystis hominis Cryptosporidium spp Cyclospora cayetanensis ```
76
Direct contact
``` Trichenella vaginalis (STI) Enterobius vermicularis (Pin worm) ```
77
Parasitic life cycle
1) mode of transmission 2) infective stage 3) diagnostic stage
78
Means whereby a parasite gains entry into an unsuspecting host
Mode of transmission
79
Morphologic form which invades humans
Infective stage
80
Forms that can be detected via laboratory retrieval method
Diagnostic stage
81
Life stages of the parasite (5)
1) ova 2) egg 3) larva 4) trophozoites 5) cyst
82
Female germ cell found in the uterus
Ova
83
Found outside the user
Egg
84
Young form of parasite
Larva
85
Feeding stage/motile stage
Trophozoites
86
Resistant form/infective stage
Cyst
87
2 modes of reproduction
* sexual | * asexual
88
Requires a male and female sex cells
Sexual
89
Lays egg; hatches outside the body
Oviparous
90
Lays egg;hatches inside the female body
Ovoviviparous
91
Do not lay eggs
Larviparous/viviparous
92
Does not require a male and female sex cells
Asexual
93
1) produces 2 daughter cells | 2) they are all exactly the same
Binary fission (mitosis)
94
1) do not require the male sex cell | 2) female that can fertilize their own egg
Parthenogenetic
95
Study of distribution and propagation of the disease
Epidemiology
96
Occurs occasionally
Sporadic
97
Infection is constant
Endemic
98
Worldwide infection
Pandemic
99
Portals of entry
``` Mouth Skin Intranasal Transmammary Transplacental Sexual ```
100
1) ingestion | 2) intimate oral contact can get: Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax
Mouths
101
1) active larval penetration 2) introduction of the vector 3) skin penetration 4) filariform larvae (HW & TW) 5) circaria (schistosomes)
Skin
102
Through the nose
Intranasal
103
Brain eating amoeba
Naegleria fowleri
104
Hookworm can enter through
Transmammary
105
Toxoplasma coli can enter through
Transplacental
106
Portal entry of Trichomonas vaginalis
Sexual
107
Portals of exit
Stool Urine Sputum Blood

Prelim: Parasitology (2 decks)

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