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Prelim: Parasitology > I. Introduction to Parasitology > Flashcards

I. Introduction to Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms that live on and obtain their nutrients from another organism (host)

A

Parasites

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2
Q

Harbors the parasite

A

Host

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3
Q

3 effects of parasite

A
  • enlargement of stomach
  • rectal prolapse
  • diarrhea
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4
Q

4 parasite-host relationship

A
  • symbiosis
  • commensalism
  • mutualism
  • parasitism
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5
Q

A parasite-host relationship that “live together”

A

Symbiosis

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6
Q

A parasite-host relationship where 1 is beneficial; 1 is unharmed

A

Commensalism

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7
Q

1) organisms that benefit from us but don’t harm us
2) cannot cause disease
3) ex: Normal flora and Entamoeba coli

A

Commensals

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8
Q

A parasite-host relationship that benefit each other

A

Mutualism

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9
Q

A parasite-host relationship that 1 benefit; 1 harm

A

Parasitism

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10
Q

Can cause disease or infection

A

Pathogenic

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11
Q

6 host classification

A
  • accidental/incident host
  • definitive host
  • intermediate host
  • reservoir host
  • transport host
  • carrier
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12
Q

1) host other than the normal one that is harboring a parasite
2) ex: humans in Toxocara catti

A

Accidental/incidental host

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13
Q

1) normally found in cats

2) an infection

A

Toxocara catti

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14
Q

1) host in which the adult sexual phase of parasite development occurs
2) harbors the mature

A

Definitive host

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15
Q

1) host in the larval asexual phase of parasite development occurs
2) it harbors the immature/young form

A

Intermediate host

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16
Q

1) host harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected
2) a means of transport

A

Reservoir host

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17
Q

1) host responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another
2) transport parasite to the host

A

Transport host

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18
Q

1) parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical symptoms but can infect others
2) no signs/symptoms

A

Carrier

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19
Q

1) study of parasite-host relationship

2) study of parasites

A

Parasitology

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20
Q

4 parasite classification

A

1) based on habitat
2) based on relationship between host-parasite
3) based on the effect of parasite on the host
4) based on transmission

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21
Q

1) parasite that lives outside
2) ex: skin
E) vector: mosquito and lices

A

Ectoparasite

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22
Q

Parasite that lives inside

A

Endoparasite

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23
Q

1) parasite that cannot survive outside

2) needs a host

A

Obligatory parasite

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24
Q

Give 1 example of obligatory parasite (scientific name and common name) found in humans

A

S.N: Ascaris lumbricoides

C.N: Giant intestinal round worm

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25
Q

1) parasite that may/may not require a host

2) free living stage

A

Facultative parasite

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26
Q

1) give 1 example of a facultative parasite (scientific name and common name)
Clue: smallest nomatode

A

S.N: Strongyloides stercoralis

C.N: Thread worm

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27
Q

A parasite that visits the host only during feeding time

A

Intermittent parasite

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28
Q

A parasite that infects the host with underlying disease

A

Opportunistic parasite

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29
Q

1) can cause immunosuppression

A

HIV = AIDS

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30
Q

Can only infect you if you have disease

A

Opportunistic parasite

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31
Q

4 example of opportunistic parasite

A
  • Coccidian
  • Isospora belli
  • Cryptosporidium spp.
  • Cyclospora cayetanensis
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32
Q

“Transient “ stay in the host

A

E. spurious

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33
Q

Where it is not normally lives in a host

A

F. Accidental/incidental

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34
Q

2 effects of parasites on the host

A
  • pathogenic (cause disease)

* non pathogenic (commensals)

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35
Q

Transmissions of parasites

A
  • soil transmitted
  • arthropod/vector transmitted
  • food-borne
  • water-borne
  • direct contact
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36
Q

What is STH?

A

Soil Transmitted Helminths

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37
Q

What are Helminths?

A

They are worms

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38
Q

4 soil transmitted helminths

A
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Trichuris trichura
  • hookworm
  • Strongyloides stercoralis
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39
Q

What are the unholy 3 Helminths found in soil

A
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Trichuris trichura
  • hookworm
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40
Q

Scientific name of whipworms

A

Trichuris trichura

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41
Q

4 different hookworms

A
  • Necator americanus
  • Ancylostoma duodenale
  • Ancylostoma braziliense
  • Ancylostoma caninum
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42
Q

2 hookworms found in the human body

A
  • Necator americanus

* Ancylostoma duodenale

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43
Q

Hookworm found in cats

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

44
Q

Hookworm found in dogs

A

Ancylostoma caninum

45
Q

Carries the infective stage of the parasite

A

Arthropod/vector transmitted

46
Q

2 types of arthropod/vector transmission

A
  • biological

* mechanical

47
Q

Type of arthropod/vector that is part of the life cycle

A

Biological

48
Q

1) phonetic vector; not part of the life cycle

2) ex: cockroach

A

Mechanical

49
Q

What is the vector for the malaria/filarial worm

A

Mosquitoes

50
Q

5 malarial parasite

A
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium ovale
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • Plasmodium malariae
  • Plasmodium knowlesi (5th malarial parasite)
51
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides is caused by

A

Cockroaches

52
Q

4 filarial worms

A
  • Wuchereria bancrofti
  • Brugia malayi
  • Loa loa
  • Onchocerca volvolus
53
Q

Vector of Loa loa

A

Deer fly

54
Q

Vector of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi

A

Mosquitoes

55
Q

Vector of Onchocerca volvolus

A

Black fly

56
Q

Vector of Leishmania

A

Sand fly

57
Q

2 types of Trypanosomes

A

1) American trypanosome (Trypanosoma Cruzi)

2) African trypanosome (Trypanosoma brucei complex)

58
Q

3 example of African trypanosome

A
  • Trypanosoma brucei complex
  • Trypanosoma gambiense
  • Trypanosoma rhodisiense
59
Q

Vector of African trypanosome

A

Tse tse fly

60
Q

3 names of the American trypanosome

A
  • assassin bug
  • kissing bug
  • Triatomine bug
61
Q

In Ixodes (ticks) which is harmless harbors it

A

Babesia

62
Q

Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

63
Q

Snail

A

Schistosoma species

64
Q

7 food borne worms

A

1) Taenia spp (T.solium and T. saginata)
2) Trichenella spiralis
3) Toxoplasma gondii
4) Capillaria philippinensis
5) Heterophyds
6) Fasciolid

65
Q

Scientific name of pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

66
Q

Scientific name of beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

67
Q

Common name of Trichenella spiralis

A

Muscle worm

68
Q

Food borne in siopao that is found in cats

A

Toxoplasma gondii

69
Q

Food borne found in fish

A 
Capillaria philippinensis (mystery worm or pus of worm)
Ex: Birot fish and Bagsang
70
Q

Example of Heterophyds

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

71
Q

Food borne of crabs

A

Paragonimus westormanii (Oriental lung fluke)

72
Q

Food borne of vegetables

A

Fasciolid

73
Q

Examples of Fasciola

A 
Fasciola hepatica (gigantica)
Fasciolopsis buskii
74
Q

Usually Protozoans (single celled organisms)

A

Water borne

75
Q

5 example of water borne

A 
Amoeba (Entamoeba coli)
Giardia lamblia 
Blastocystis hominis 
Cryptosporidium spp 
Cyclospora cayetanensis
76
Q

Direct contact

A 
Trichenella vaginalis (STI)
Enterobius vermicularis (Pin worm)
77
Q

Parasitic life cycle

A

1) mode of transmission
2) infective stage
3) diagnostic stage

78
Q

Means whereby a parasite gains entry into an unsuspecting host

A

Mode of transmission

79
Q

Morphologic form which invades humans

A

Infective stage

80
Q

Forms that can be detected via laboratory retrieval method

A

Diagnostic stage

81
Q

Life stages of the parasite (5)

A

1) ova
2) egg
3) larva
4) trophozoites
5) cyst

82
Q

Female germ cell found in the uterus

A

Ova

83
Q

Found outside the user

A

Egg

84
Q

Young form of parasite

A

Larva

85
Q

Feeding stage/motile stage

A

Trophozoites

86
Q

Resistant form/infective stage

A

Cyst

87
Q

2 modes of reproduction

A
  • sexual

* asexual

88
Q

Requires a male and female sex cells

A

Sexual

89
Q

Lays egg; hatches outside the body

A

Oviparous

90
Q

Lays egg;hatches inside the female body

A

Ovoviviparous

91
Q

Do not lay eggs

A

Larviparous/viviparous

92
Q

Does not require a male and female sex cells

A

Asexual

93
Q

1) produces 2 daughter cells

2) they are all exactly the same

A

Binary fission (mitosis)

94
Q

1) do not require the male sex cell

2) female that can fertilize their own egg

A

Parthenogenetic

95
Q

Study of distribution and propagation of the disease

A

Epidemiology

96
Q

Occurs occasionally

A

Sporadic

97
Q

Infection is constant

A

Endemic

98
Q

Worldwide infection

A

Pandemic

99
Q

Portals of entry

A 
Mouth
Skin
Intranasal
Transmammary 
Transplacental 
Sexual
100
Q

1) ingestion

2) intimate oral contact can get: Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax

A

Mouths

101
Q

1) active larval penetration
2) introduction of the vector
3) skin penetration
4) filariform larvae (HW & TW)
5) circaria (schistosomes)

A

Skin

102
Q

Through the nose

A

Intranasal

103
Q

Brain eating amoeba

A

Naegleria fowleri

104
Q

Hookworm can enter through

A

Transmammary

105
Q

Toxoplasma coli can enter through

A

Transplacental

106
Q

Portal entry of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Sexual

107
Q

Portals of exit

A

Stool
Urine
Sputum
Blood

Prelim: Parasitology (2 decks)

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