II. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
A spectrum as it applies to mental disorder is a range of linked conditions, sometimes also extending to include singular symptoms and traits
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits
Cognitive or perceptual distortions. - Abnormalities of beliefs, thinking, and perception are below the threshold for the diagnosis of a
psychotic disorder.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- Characterized by at least 1 month of delusions but no other psychotic symptoms.
- The person has not met criteria for schizophrenia
- Functional impairment within the specific impact of the delusion
Delusional Disorder
One or more of the symptoms of schizophrenia that lasts more than 1 day and remits by 1 month.
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Characterized by a symptomatic presentation equivalent to that of schizophrenia except for its
duration (less than 6 months) and the absence of a requirement for a decline in functioning
Schizophreniform Disorder
Two or more of the following symptoms for at least 1 month; one symptom should be either 1, 2, or 3:
1) delusions
2) hallucinations
3) disorganized speech
4) disorganized (or catatonic) behavior
5) negative symptoms (diminished motivation or emotional expression)
- Functional impairment in one or more areas
- Signs of disorder for at least 6 months
Schizophrenia
A mood episode and the active-phase symptoms of schizophrenia occur together and were preceded or are followed by at least 2 weeks of delusions or hallucinations without prominent mood symptoms.
Schizoaffective Disorder
- Poverty of Speech
- Reflects lack of thinking or motivation to speak.
Alogia
- Abscence or insufficienct of normal behavior
- 25% Experience
Type 2 Schizophrenia
Negative Symptoms
- Blunted affect
- Face may remain immobile and body language is unresponsice.
Affective flattening
4 A’s of Schizophrenia
- Affect
- Ambivalence
- Autism
- Associations
Lack of pleasure
Anhedonia
- Difficulty in focusing and maintaining attention.
- deficits in the working memory (ability to hold information and manipulate it)
Attention impairment
Contrasting feelings towards the same person at the same time.
Ambivalence
False sensory perception
Hallucination
Very slow motor responses
Stupor
Loss of motivation
Avolition (or Apathy)
Abnormal lack of energy
Anergia
Disorganized behavior that affects unresposiveness to the world.
Catatonia
Lack of interest in social interaction
Asocial behavior (Asociality)
- Active manifestations
- Obvious signs
- Distortions of normal behavior
- 50%-70% experience
Type 1 Schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms
- Trouble organizing their daily routines of bathing, dressing properly, and eating regularly.
- Engage in socially acceptable behavior (e.g. public masturbation)
- Many are disheveled and dirty.
Abnormal or Disorganized Thought and Speech
- Trouble organizing their daily routines of bathing, dressing properly, and eating regularly.
- Engage in socially acceptable behavior (e.g. public masturbation)
- Many are disheveled and dirty.
Abnormal or Disorganized Thought and Speech
- Frightening to others
- Display unpredictable and apparently untriggered agitation.
- sudden shouting, swearing may be responses to hallucinations and delusions.
Bizaare or Disorganized Behavior
Part of the brain concerned with Hallucinations
Broca’s Area
Visual hallucinations involving geometric shapes such as tunnels and funnels, spirals, lattices, or cobwebs.
Geometric Hallucinations
A hallucination involving sight, which may consist of formed images, such as of people, or of unformed images, such as flashes of light.
Visual Hallucinations
Belief that one is going to be harmed, harassed, and so forth by an individual, organization, or other group.
Persecutory Delusions
Inhibited Dosolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Schizophrenia
Experience of hallucinations, delusions, and loss of contact with reality
Psychosis
Duration of disturbance of Schizophrenia
At least 6 months
Gender Prevalence of Schizophrenia
Males
Most common type of Hallucinations
Auditory Hallucinations
Most common type of Hallucinations
Auditory Hallucinations
An individual’s false belief that another person is in love with him or her.
Erotomanic type (Delusions)
Preoccupations regarding health and organ function.
Somatic type (Delusions)
An individual’s conviction that a major catasthrophe will occur.
Nihilistic Type (Delusions)
Believing that you are communicatinf directly with a higher being and is being listened to from up above.
Religious Type (Delusions)
A false belief that one’s sexual partner is unfaithful
Jealous type (delusions)
A false belief of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special relationship to a deity or famous person.
Grandiose type (delusions)
A false belief that one’s thoughts are being broadcast out loud so that they can be perceived by others.
Thought broadcasting
A delusion that certain of one’s thoughts are not one’s own, but rather are inserted into one’s mind.
Though Insertion
Believing that people are talking about him or her.
Reference type (delusions)
False belief that another person, group of people, or external force controls one’s general thoughts, feelings, impulses, or behavior.
Control type (delusions)
Significanr reduction in the intensity of emotional expression.
Blunted affect
A pattern of observable behaviors that is the expression of a subjectively experienced feeling state (emotion).
Affect
Discordance between affective expression and the content of sppech or ideation.
Inappropriate Affect
Mild reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression.
Restricted or Constricted Affect
Passive induction of posture held against gravity.
Catalepsy
Episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone resulting in the individual collapsing, often occuring in association with intense emotions such as laughter, anger, fear, or surprise.
Cataplexy
Episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone resulting in the individual collapsing, often occuring in association with intense emotions such as laughter, anger, fear, or surprise.
Cataplexy
How do you regard delusion?
It is regarded as delusion only when the judgment is so extreme to defy credibility.
Misperceptions of real external stimuli.
Visual hallucinations should be distinguished from this.
Illusions
A hallucination involving the perception of odor, such as burning rubber or decaying fish
Olfactory Hallucinations
A hallucination involving the perception of taste (usually unpleasant)
Gustatory Hallucinations
A hallucination involvinf the perception of sound, most commonly of voice.
Auditory Hallucinations
Odd and inappropriate facial expressions unrelated to situation. (as seen in individuals with catatonia)
Grimace (Grimacing)
Second most common type of hallucination
Visual Hallucinations
Neurotransmitter concerned with schizophrenia
Dopamine
Inhibit prolactin release
Tuberoinfundibular Pathways
Duration of Delusional Disorder
At least 1 month
A mental condition that causes clinically significant distress and is distinguished by the onset of mild psychotic-like symptoms that do not meet the full criteria of one of the psychotic disorders like schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or delusional disorder.
- with one or more symptoms of schizophrenia BUT is aware of these unusual experiences.
Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome
- A delusion that develop in an individual in the context of a close relationship with another person who has an already established delusion.
- The delusion is similar in context to that of the person with whom they share a close relationship
Shared Psychotic Disorder
Folie A Deux
Coined the term, Schizophrenia
Paul Eugene BLEULER
One of the phases of Schizophrenia,
Present before people go into the acute phase of schizophrenia.
Prodromal Phase
A phase of schizophrenia.
Present after they emerge from schizophrenia
Residual Phase
A phase characterized by hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and extremely disorganized speech and behaviors.
Active or Acute Phase
When a client partially shows disturbance or any sign of schizophrenia returning.
Partial Remission
When the client no longer shows disturbance or any sign of schizophrenia returning.
Complete Remission
The pathological, parrotlike, and apparently senseless repetition (echoing) of a word or phrase just spoken by another person.
Echolalia
Mimicking the movements of another.
Echopraxia
Mimicking the movements of another.
Echopraxia
