I. Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
Mental Disorders General Characteristics
- Characterized by deficits in general mental abilities
- The deficits result in impairments of adaptive functioning: Conceptual, Practical & Social
- Originates before the age of 18
Intellectual Disability
Characterized by deficits in the development and use of language, speech, and social communication, respectively.
Language disorder, speech sound disorder, social (pragmatic) communication disorder
Characterized by disturbances of the normal
fluency and motor production of speech
Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
Characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts deficits in social reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and skills in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Defined by impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
ADHD
- Diagnosed when there are specific deficits in an individual’s ability to perceive or process
information efficiently and accurately. - Characterized by persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic skills in
reading, writing, and/or math.
Specific Learning Disorder
- Deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills and is manifested by clumsiness and slowness or inaccuracy of performance of motor skills that cause interference with activities of daily living.
Developmental coordination disorder
Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviors
Stereotypic movement disorder
Characterized by the presence of motor or vocal tics.
Tic disorders
- A group of disorders in which the development of the central nervous system is disturbed.
- Can include developmental brain dysfunction which can manifest as neuropsychiatric or impaired motor function, learning, language, or non-verbal communication.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Childhood Disorders
Intellectual Giftedness Classification:
130-144: _________
Moderately Gifted
Intellectual Giftedness Classification:
160-179: _________
Exceptionally Gifted
Intellectual Giftedness Classification:
145-159: _________
Highly Gifted
Intellectual Giftedness Classification:
180+: _________
Profoundly Gifted
When a woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy, she risks giving birth to a child who will pay the price - in mental and physical deficiencies - for his or her entire life.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome / Hidden Disability
- individuals born with an extra 21st chromosome
- IQ is below 70
- overly friendly
- smile and laugh
Trisomy 21 / Down Syndrome / Mongolism
Domain of Neurodevelopmental disorder which is outward-directed. (e.g. aggressiveness, noncompliance, overractivity & impulsiveness)
Externalizing Disorder
Domain of Neurodevelopmental disorder which is inward-directed. (e.g. Depressed, Social withdrawal, anxiety)
Internalizing Disorder
Levels of Intellectual Disability:
IQ of 50-70
(Educable)
Mild/Dull Normal
Levels of Intellectual Disability:
IQ of 20-34
Generally has little understanding of written language or of concepts. Requires support of all activities of Daily living.
Severe
Levels of Intellectual Disability:
IQ of 35-49
Trainable in non academic areas but incapable of learning.
Moderate
Levels of Intellectual Disability:
IQ of less than 20
Requires pervasive services and supports.
Very limited understanding of symbolic communication is speech or gesture.
Profound
- a general term used to descrive a condition that occurs during the developmental period of child between birth and 18 years.
- usually defined by the child being diagnosed with having a lower intellectual functioning than what is perceived as ‘normal’.
Global Developmental Delay
Any disorder that affects an individual’s ability to comprehend, detect, or apply language and speech to engage in discourse effectively with others.
Communication Disorder
Difficulties in the acquisition and use of language due to the deficits in the comprehension or production of vocabulary, sentence structure and discourse.
Language Disorder
Expressive and Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder
Diagnosed when speech sound production is not what would be expected based on the child’s age and developmental stage.
Speech Sound Disorder
Phonological Disorder
Type of Speech Sound Error wherein a child may leave out sounds in words and sentences.
(e.g. I ree a boo = I read a book)
Omissions
Type of Speech Sound Error wherein a child may use an incorrect sound instead of the correct one.
(e.g. wook a the wittle wamb = look at the little lamb)
Substitutions
Type of Speech Sound Error wherein a child tries to make the right sound, but cannot produce it clearly.
Distortion
Disturbance of the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual’s age.
- later-onset causes are diagnosed as Adult-___________
- monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
- prolongation of Sounds.
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
Stuttering
Characterized by a primary difficulty with pragmatics, or the social use of language and communication, as manifested by deficits in understanding and following social rules of verbal and nonverbal communication in naturalistic contexts, changing language according to needs of the listener or situation and following rules for conversation or story telling.
Social (Pragmatic)Communication Disorder
Individuals who score very low on IQ tests, while demonstrating exeptional skills or brilliance in specific areas, such as rapid calculation (hypercalculia), art, memory or musical ability.
Autistic Savant
Savant Syndrome
Focuses on results or achievement: a child, typically under the age of ten, who can perform at an adult professional level in a highly demanding culturally recognised field of endeavour.
Prodigy
