II. India's Regional/Devotional Music: 1. Hymns for the Chathi Fast, "Chathi Mata"

Question 1

Music shared by speakers of a particular language.

Answer 1

Regional Music

Question 2

Some music genres are shared across much wider areas, by speakers of different languages, say all across North India. Or, a music might be shared across South Asia and the diaspora.

Answer 2

Pan-regional Music

Question 3

Examples of pan-regional music.

Answer 3

Classical, semi-classical, Bollywood, and pop. Western music like jazz and rock are also known in India.

Question 4

Large or small, held vertically or horizontally, played by hand or stick, they have different names and uses. The two skin-covered sides may have higher and lower pitches, giving these drums a full, musical sound.

Answer 4

Barrel-shaped drums.

Question 5

The most common rural drum of North India, and it is used pan-regionally. It is held horizontally across the lap and played with both hands.

Answer 5

Dholak

Question 6

These instruments and other idiophones made of metal or wood play important timekeeping roles and have specific names and shapes.

Answer 6

Bells, Clappers, Cymbals

Question 7

Wooden clappers with cymbals attached or rod-shaped metal clappers. Common in both North and South India.

Answer 7

Kartal

Question 8

Small hand pump organ, is played throughout South Asia in rural as well as urban settings.

Answer 8

Harmonium

Question 9

Oboes and flutes made of bamboo or wood.

Answer 9

Double-reed instruments

Question 10

What percent of India’s population is classified as rural?

Answer 10

72%

Question 11

Village music is usefully characterized as what two groups of music?

Answer 11

Women’s or Men’s music

Question 12

Women’s songs in village settings are performed by groups of non-specialists and include which two instruments.

Answer 12

Dholak (Drum) and Kartal (Bells, Clappers, Cymbals)

Question 13

Subjects for women village songs.

Answer 13

Work, Holi or Diwali festivals, Monsoon or other seasons, Praise of God or local deity, Life-cycle events.

Question 14

This is a four-day period of rituals and fasting in North India that is dedicated to the Sun and to the Mother Goddess. It begins yearly on the sixth day of the Hindu month of Kartik, in October-November.

Answer 14

Chhathi “Sixth-Day”

Question 15

Who are the main singers of the “Chathi Mata?”

Answer 15

Women of a North Indian Village

Question 16

How many beats is there in the “Chathi Mata?”

Answer 16

7

Question 17

Rural women specialists, who received special training, and women professionals who perform for money, traditionally belong to what group?

Answer 17

Hereditary musicians’ family lines.

Question 18

What industries have brought rural specialists to wider attention and have attracted non-hereditary singers to the singing profession?

Answer 18

Radio, TV, and film.