II. ACTION

Question 1

• allows the general microscopic study of tissue structures without altering the structural pattern and normal intercellular relationship of tissues
• fixatives that preserves tissues in general

Answer 1

MICROANATOMICAL

Question 2

MICROANATOMICAL

Answer 2

❖ 10% formol saline
❖ 10% neutral buffered formalin
❖ Heidenhain’s Susa
❖ Formol sublimate/formol corrosive
❖ Zenker’s
❖ Bouin’s
❖ Brasil’s

Question 3

are fixatives used to preserve the chemical components of tissues like enzymes (phosphatases, lipase)

Answer 3

HISTOCHEMICAL

Question 4

HISTOCHEMICAL

Answer 4

❖ 10% formol saline
❖ Absolute ethyl alcohol
❖ Acetone
❖ Newcomer’s

Question 5

-5 – 4degC

Answer 5

Acetone

Question 6

• not a routine fixative
• quite expensive, not fast-acting
  (slow-acting); used in electron
  microscopy

Answer 6

Osmium Tetroxide

Question 7

most common chrome osmium acetic acid fixative, excellent for nuclear structures

Answer 7

Flemming’s

Question 8

Picric Acid Fixative Remedy:

Answer 8

saturated solution of Lithium carbonate in 70% alcohol then washed with water. The tissue is then placed in 70% ethanol followed by sodium thiosulfate & washed with water

Question 9

for GIT biopsies & endocrine tissues

Answer 9

Hollande’s solution

Question 10

• Rapidly denatures and precipitates proteins
• Can act both as fixative and dehydrating agent
• Ideal for small tissue fragments
• Causes: glycogen polarization
  (disadvantage)

Answer 10

Alcohol Fixation

Question 11

for fixing wet and dry smears, blood smears and BM tissues

Answer 11

Methyl alcohol (100%)

Question 12

for blood, tissue films and smears

Answer 12

Ethyl Alcohol (70-100%)

Question 13

CT mucins & umbilical cord
Others: Clarke’s solution ; Methacarn

Answer 13

Rossmann’s solution

Question 14

with TCA, Glac HAc & formalin

Answer 14

Heidenhain’s Susa

Question 15

with anhydrous sodium acetate

Answer 15

B5
Others : Schaudinn’s Ohlmacher’s, Carnoy –Lebrun solution

Question 16

it contains mercuric chloride and glacial acetic acid

Answer 16

Zenker’s Fluid

Question 17

contains potassium dichromate and 40% formaldehyde

Answer 17

Zenker’s formol a.k.a. Helly’s Fluid

Question 18

histochemical fixative

Answer 18

10% formol saline

Question 19

Composition:95% ETOH , Picric acid, Glacial HAc

Answer 19

Alcoholic Formalin a.k.a. Gendre’s solution

Question 20

Cheap, easy to prepare and readily available; stable

Answer 20

Advantages

Question 21

fumes are irritating, may cause allergic dermatitis on prolonged contact and may form brown pigment on blood containing tissues like spleen and

Answer 21

Disadvantages

Question 22

70% ethanol
28% ammonia water

Answer 22

Kardasewitsch
method

Question 23

Hydrogen peroxide
28% ammonia water acetone

Answer 23

Lillie’s Method

Question 24

Saturated alcoholic picric acid

Answer 24

Picric acid Method

Question 25

1% KOH in
80% alcohol

Answer 25

none/water

Question 26

• supplied as a 40% aqeous solution
• fast-acting fixative, can fix tissues rapidly
• Surgical specimens are fixed within 4-6 hours & small biopsy specimens within 45 min
• Smallest aldehyde fixative

Answer 26

Glyoxal

Question 27

Karnovsky’s paraformaldehydeglutaraldehyde solution and Acrolein

Answer 27

electron microscopy

Question 28

Fixatives for Enzyme Histochemistry

Answer 28

1. 4% formaldehyde
2. Formol saline

Question 29

Fixative for Electron Histochemistry and Electron Immunocytochemistry

Answer 29

• Karnovsky’s paraformaldehydeglutaraldehyde

Question 30

(not a mandatory step) placing an already fixed tissue to a second fixative to:
- improve demonstration of substance
- ensure complete hardening
- allow use of special staining

Answer 30

Secondary Fixation

Question 31

secondary fixation with the use of potassium dichromate/ chromatecontaining fixative

Answer 31

Post chromatization

Question 32

tap water, alcoholic iodine, 50-70% alcohol can be used

Answer 32

Washing out