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Geology ig, es, pt > Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks > Flashcards

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks Flashcards

1
Q

What is the texture of igneous rocks?

A

Crystalline

minerals interlocked in a mosaic

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2
Q

What is the mineral alignment in igneous rocks?

A

Grains not usually lined up, un-foiled

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3
Q

What are the 7 main minerals in igneous rocks?

A 
Quartz
plagioclase and potash feldspar
hornblende (amphibole)
Augite (pyroxene)
olivine
micas- muscovite and biotite
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4
Q

What are the features of igneous rocks?

A

As igneous intrusions- dykes, sill, batholiths or lava flows, no beds

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5
Q

What is the ease of breaking of igneous rocks?

A

hard and does not split

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6
Q

What is the texture of sedimentary rocks?

A

Fragmental

Made of grains/ fragments or fossils cemented together

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7
Q

What are the 6 main minerals in sedimentary rocks?

A 
Quartz
Potash feldspar
Calcite
mica, mainly muscovite
clay minerals
Rock fragments
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8
Q

How does igneous rock form?

A

crystallised from magma

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9
Q

How does sedimentary rock form?

A

Depositions of rocks and mineral particles

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10
Q

What are the features of sedimentary rocks?

A

in beds

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11
Q

What is the ease of breaking of sedimentary rocks?

A

May be soft and crumbly but some sedimentary rocks are difficult to break if well cemented

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12
Q

What is the texture of metamorphic rocks?

A

crystalline

minerals interlocked in a mosaic

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13
Q

What is the minerals alignment in metamorphic rocks?

A

Grains often lined up/ aligned, foliated if affected by pressure

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14
Q

What are the 7 main minerals in metamorphic rocks?

A 
Quartz
plagioclase and potash feldspar
micas, muscovite and biotite
garnet 
calcite
Al2SiO3 polymorphs
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15
Q

How does metamorphic rock form?

A

Recrystallization of other rocks

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16
Q

What is the ease of breaking of metamorphic rock?

A

Hard but may split in layers

17
Q

What are the features of metamorphic rock?

A

Large areas or zones- no beds

18
Q

What is a clast?

A

a fragment of broken rock produced by mechanical weathering and erosion.

19
Q

What is an igneous rock?

A

a rock that has crystallised from magma

20
Q

What is a metamorphic rock?

A

It’s formed by the recrystallization of other rocks in the solid state due to pressure, temperature or both.

21
Q

What is a sedimentary rock?

A

A rock composed of fragments that have been deposited compacted and cemented.

Geology ig, es, pt (23 decks)

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