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Intro to ES > Igneous Rocks > Flashcards

Igneous Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

What texture is phaneritic?

A

course cyrtsalline

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2
Q

What texture is aphanitic?

A

fine grain

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3
Q

What texture is pgematic?

A

big crystals, bigger than 1 cm

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4
Q

What texture is vesicular?

A

has holes/vesicles

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5
Q

What texture is porphyritic?

A

mix of big & small crystals

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6
Q

What is an example of a mafic, vesicular rock?

A

scoria

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7
Q

What is an example of a mafic, fine textured, crystalline rock?

A

basalt

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8
Q

What is an example of a mafic course grain, crystalline rock?

A

Gabbro

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9
Q

What is an example of a felsic, vesicular rock?

A

pumic

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10
Q

What is an example of a felsic, glassy rock?

A

obsedian

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11
Q

What is an example of a felsic fine grain, crystalline rock?

A

ryolite

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12
Q

What is an example of a felsic, course, crystalline rock?

A

granity

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13
Q

What is an example of a felsic, very course, crystalline rock?

A

pegmatite

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14
Q

Does a viscous lava flow easily or not?

A

Not

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15
Q

Does mafic or felsic lava flows viscous or more readily?

A

Felsic is viscous, mafic is more readily

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16
Q

Describe a sill

A

Intrusive, mafic, flat/tabular shape. Concordant.

17
Q

Describe laccolith

A

Intrusive, felsic, mushroom shaped, concordant

18
Q

Describe batholith

A

Intrusive, felsic, bottom-less, large/huge scale (upside-down bathtub)

19
Q

Describe dike

A

Intrusive, mafic OR felsic, small scale, offshoots from bigger pools, discordant (cuts across layers) Can also feed a laccolith

20
Q

What do you call an intrusive lava flow that has an indescribable shape?

A

pluton

21
Q

What does andesitic mean?

A

felsic/mafic mix

22
Q

What does the Bowen rxn series tell us? What is the mineral that is the first to form?

A

What minerals crystallize @ what temperatures.

Olivine

23
Q

In the context of Bowen rxn series, what is fractionation?

A

The cooling FIRST of the outside edges (olivine first), and the mineral that forms pulls elements from the pool so that the chem composition of the pool changes slightly.

24
Q

Is the bottom or top of the Bowen rxn series more stable?

A

Bottom, which is why quartz is everywhere (like at the beach). You hardly see olivine in sedimentary rocks.

25
Q

Study Bowen’s Rxn Series

A

Pew pew pew

26
Q

What is this rock?

A

Scoria

27
Q

Study this classification table

A

Ooo

28
Q

What are these two rocks and why are they similar?

A

Rhyolite (on the right) is the volcanic equivalent of granite (on the left). Both consists of light colored silicates.

29
Q

The statements that follow relate to terms describing igneous rock textures. For each statement, identify the appropriate term:

a. Opening produced by escaping gas
b. Obsedian exhibits this texture
c. A matrix of fine crystals surrounding phenocrysts
d. Crystals are too small to be seen with the naked eye
e. A texture characterized by two distinctly different crystal sized.
f. Course grained, with crystals of roughly equal size

A

a. vesicular
b. glassy
c. groundmass
d. aphanitic
e. porphyritic
f. phaneritic

30
Q

What does a porphyritic texture indicate about igneous rock?

A

Since all minerals within a magma do not crystallize at the same rate at the same time during cooling, it is poss for some crystals to become quite large before others start to form.W

31
Q

What is the difference between magma and lava?

A

Lava is magma that has reached the surface

32
Q

An igneous rock with an aphaneritic texture was most likely intrusive. T/F

A

F

33
Q

Mafic igneous rocks are generally dark in color and relatively rich in iron and magnesium. T/F

A

T

34
Q

A mafic, flat, tabular, concordant igneous intrusion is called:
A) batholith
B) laccolith
C) Sill
D) Dike
E) none of the above

A

C) Sill

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