IGCSE REVISION (FORM 4) Flashcards by Jenny Shen

state the standard scientific units for weight

N (vector)

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Density

The amount of mass per unit volume

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state the standard scientific units for acceleration

m/s² (vector)

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state the standard scientific units for volume

m³

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Isotope

An atom where there is the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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Voltage

The electrical energy difference for 1 Coulomb of charge

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state the standard scientific units for power

Watt

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Current

The amount of charge flowing in 1 second

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state the equation used to calculate force

F (force) = m (mass) x a (acceleration)

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state the equation to calculate critical angle

sin (critical angle) = 1 / refractive index

Sin(c) = 1/n

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Kinetic Energy

The energy associated with the motion of an object

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state the standard scientific units for voltage

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state the standard scientific units for area

m²

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state the standard scientific units for kinetic energy

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state the equation used to calculate velocity

v (velocity) = D (distance) / t (time)

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state the standard scientific units for density

kg/m³

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state the equation for law of reflection

i=r

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Work Done

The amount of energy changed from one form to another

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Acceleration

The change in velocity in 1 second

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state the equation used to calculate wave speed

wave speed = frequency x wavelength

v = f × λ

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state the equation used to calculate pressure

pressure = force / area

P = F / A

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state the equation used to calculate density

density = mass / volume

p = m / V

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Longitudinal Wave

A wave where the oscillations are parallel to the direction of the wave

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state the standard scientific units for time

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Transverse Wave

A wave where the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave

Period

The time for one complete oscillation

Power

The amount work done in 1 second

state the standard scientific units for Pressure

Pa, N/m²

Pressure

The force per unit area

Total Internal Reflection

The reflection of a wave when it meets a boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle

Amplitude

The distance from the equilibrium position of a wave to the peak

state the equation used to convert kelvin to celcius

Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15

state the standard scientific units for wavelength

state the equation used to calculate energy transfer

Energy tranfer = Work done

Radiation

The transfer of energy using electromagnetic waves

state the equation used to calculate work done

work done = force x distance moved in direction of force WD= F x d

Efficiency

The useful work done divided by the total energy put in

Terminal Speed

The constant speed of an object when the driving force is balanced by friction

Resistance

The opposition to the flow of current in a circuit

state the standard scientific units for current

Amp

state the equation used to calculate voltage (Ohm's Law)

voltage = current x resistance V = I x R

Velocity

The distance an object travels in a certain direction in 1 second

Frequency

The number of oscillations in 1 second

Convection

the transfer of heat, due to it being carried by a moving fluid

state the equation to calculate efficiency

useful energy out/total energy in

state the equation used to calculate electrical power

electrical power = current x voltage P = I x V

state the equation to calculate weight

W=mg

Gamma Waves

High frequency electromagnetic waves

Refraction

The bending of a wave when it moves from one material into another

state the equation to calculate a spring constant (Hooke's law)

force = spring constant x extension F = ke

state the standard scientific units for energy

state the standard scientific units for resistance

state the standard scientific units for force

N (vector)

Brownian Motion

The random motion of atoms and molecules in a gas or liquid

state the standard scientific units for mass

Gravitational Potential Energy

The energy an object has due to its position in a gravitational field

state the standard scientific units for displacement

m (vector)

Conduction

The transfer of heat due to collisions between particles

state the equation to calculate GPE

mgh

Critical Angle

The angle of incidence when the angle of refraction is 90 degrees

state the standard scientific units for distance

state the equation used to calculate charge

charge = current x time Q = I x t

state the standard scientific units for charge

Coulomb

state the equation to calculate KE

kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x speed² 1/2 m x v²

Wavelength

The distance a wave travels for one complete oscillation

Boyle's Law

The pressure of gas is inversely proportional to the volume

state the standard scientific units for velocity

m/s (vector)

Ultrasound

Sound waves with a frequency greater than 20kHz

state the standard scientific units for speed

m/s

Weight

The force on an object as a result of gravity

state the standard scientific units for gravitational field strength

N/kg, m/s²(vector)

state the equation to calculate acceleration

acceleration = change in velocity / time taken a = (v - u) / t

state the standard scientific units for frequency

Hz, /s, s^-1

List the E-M Spectrum

Radio, Micro, Infra-Red, Visible, Ultra-Violet, X-rays, Gamma-rays

state the equation to calculate time period

time period = 1 / frequency T = 1/f

state the equation used for Boyle's Law

P₁V₁=P₂V₂