IFR Departures Flashcards
Do published minimum climb gradients ensure airspace containment?
No
When are advisory gradients for airspace containment stated?
Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch: all departures where gradient is greater than obstacle clearance gradient
All Others: only where gradient is greater than 5%
What gradient is used to evaluate airspace containment requirements?
5%
What obstacles can a departure procedure not take into account?
Close in obstacles that are 60m (200ft) or less above the departure end of the runway.
Will be stated on departure instructions
What speed/altitude restrictions can ATC amend or cancel?
Those annotated by the symbol (o with four prongs)
What can a departure procedure be?
• Visual
• Published Procedure
• Track, Radar Heading or Radar SID in evaluated climb sector
• Climb on track above distance or VORSEC chart steps
What are the restrictions on a visual departure?
Day only
Maintain visual terrain clearance to applicable MSA or set heading point or altitude
When climbing in an evaluated climb sector, from when do you have to maintain the climb gradient?
From takeoff
When can you turn after departure to intercept track?
Minimum of 400ft (higher if stated)
If climbing through two evaluated sectors, which sector gradient applies from takeoff?
The higher sector
If on the track/radial dividing two evaluated climb sectors, which gradient applies?
The lower gradient
Rate of climb formula
Gradient % X Ground Speed (kts) X 1.013
Gradient Formula
VSI(ft/min)
———————————
Ground Speed X 1.013
Gradient formula approximation
VSI/Ground Speed.
Works to 1dp up to 4%. From 4.1-12%, apply a -0.1 correction factor
Where does the SID start?
From 16ft above the departure end of the runway
Does segment MSA on a departure ensure airspace containment?
No - only obstacle clearance
SID minimum performance requirements
3.3% (200ft per NM)
Climb on centreline to 400ft above departure end of the runway before turning
Maximum IAS on SID assumption
Assumes average bank angle achieved of 15 degrees
When does the SID terminate?
When the aircraft is established on the cleared route
What is the standard IFR takeoff minima?
300ft and 1500m
Can be stated higher on aerodrome chart
What is reduced IFR takeoff minima?
0-800
What are reduced takeoff minima requirements?
• centreline marking or lighting
• takeoff weather visibility confirmed by pilot by observing centreline marking/lighting
• Reduced takeoff minima permitted on that runway
• Obstacles in takeoff flight path are taken into account
• Two-engine prop driven: auto-feather or auto-coarse fitted and operable
Can you take off below reduced takeoff minima?
Yes. Conditions:
• Holder of an AOC
• Comply with appropriate provisions (operated IAW company exposition)
• Serviceable secondary power supply and automatic switch-over available
How is SID gradient determined?
If no obstructions: 3.3% standard
If obstructions: obstacle clearance gradient plus 0.8% margin
