Ieltsbuddy-reading

Question 1

Various (adj)

Answer 1

several different

SYNONYM: diverse
-various types/forms/kinds of somebody/something

Question 2

Grind (v)

Answer 2

grind something (down/up) | grind something (to/into something) : to break or press something into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using a special machine

• to grind coffee/corn
• The animal has teeth that grind its food into a pulp.

Question 3

Steam (n)

Answer 3

1. the hot gas that water changes into when it boils
   - a Turkish steam bath
2. the power that is produced from steam under pressure, used to operate engines, machines, etc.
   - a steam train/engine

Question 4

Viable (adj)

Answer 4

that can be done; that will be successful (gelişebilir)

SYNONYM feasible

• a viable option/proposition
• There is no viable alternative.

Question 5

Coal (n)

Answer 5

Kömür

Question 6

Drawback (n)

Answer 6

drawback (of/to something) | drawback (of/to doing something) : a disadvantage or problem that makes something a less attractive idea

SYNONYM disadvantage, snag

• The main drawback to it is the cost.
• This is the one major drawback of the new system.

Question 7

Pollute (v)

Answer 7

• The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories.
• a society polluted by racism

Question 8

Forefront (n)

Answer 8

Idioms

at/in/to the forefront (of something) :
​in or into an important or leading position in a particular group or activity

-Women have always been at the forefront of the Green movement.

Question 9

Diminish (v)

Answer 9

to become smaller, weaker, etc.; to make something become smaller, weaker, etc.

SYNONYM decrease
-The world’s resources are rapidly diminishing.

Question 10

set up (phrasal v)

Answer 10

set somebody up:
​to provide somebody with the money that they need in order to do something
-A bank loan helped to set him up in business.

to make somebody healthier, stronger, more lively, etc.
-The break from work really set me up for the new year.

to trick somebody, especially by making them appear guilty of something
-He denied the charges, saying the police had set him up.

set something up:
​to create something or start it
-to set up a business

to build something or put something somewhere
-The police set up roadblocks on routes out of the city.

​to make a piece of equipment or a machine ready for use
-She set up her guitar and amp in her bedroom.

Question 11

Oppose (v)

Answer 11

to disagree strongly with somebody’s plan, policy, etc. and try to change it or prevent it from succeeding
-Do you support or oppose this proposal?

Question 12

Nearby (adj)

Answer 12

-There were complaints from nearby residents.

Question 13

Interfere (v)

Answer 13

to get involved in and try to influence a situation that should not really involve you, in a way that annoys other people
-I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions.

Question 14

Predict (v)

Answer 14

to say that something will happen in the future

SYNONYM forecast

• Nobody could predict the outcome.
• to predict the future

Question 15

Set target

Answer 15

-Set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve.

(Target: a result that you try to achieve)

Question 16

Roughly (adv)

Answer 16

Aşağı yukarı, kabaca
approximately but not exactly

-Sales are up by roughly 10 per cent.

Question 17

Compared to

Answer 17

-an increase of over 11% compared to the same period last year

Question 18

Spoil (v)

Answer 18

1. spoil something to change something good into something bad, unpleasant, etc.

SYNONYM ruin
-Our camping trip was spoilt by bad weather.

2. spoil somebody to give a child everything that they ask for and not enough discipline in a way that has a bad effect on their character and behaviour

SYNONYM overindulge
-She spoils those kids of hers.

Question 19

Offshore (adj)

Answer 19

Kıyıdan uzak

happening or existing in the sea, not far from the land

Question 20

Annually (adv)

Answer 20

-The exhibition is held annually.

Question 21

Seaboard (n)

Answer 21

Kıyı bölgesi

-Australia’s eastern seaboard

Question 22

Construct (v)

Answer 22

to build or make something such as a road, building or machine
-The building was constructed in 1993.

Question 23

Air rage (n)

Answer 23

​a situation in which a passenger on a plane becomes violent or aggressive

Question 24

Phenomenon (n)

Answer 24

a fact or an event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understood

Question 25

Widely (adv)

Answer 25

by a lot of people; in or to many places

-The term is widely used in everyday speech.

Question 26

Assault (n)

Answer 26

1. the crime of attacking somebody physically
2. assault (on/upon/against somebody/something) (by an army, etc.) : the act of attacking a building, an area, etc. in order to take control of it
   SYNONYM attack

Question 27

Attendant (n)

Answer 27

1. a person whose job is to serve or help people in a public place
   - a cloakroom/parking/museum attendant
   - flight attendant
2. a person who takes care of and lives or travels with an important person or a sick or disabled person

Question 28

Commit (v)

Answer 28

to do something wrong or illegal

-to commit a crime/an offence

Question 29

Convention (n)

Answer 29

1. the way in which something is done that most people in a society expect and consider to be polite or the right way to do it
   - the rigid social conventions of Victorian Britain
2. a large meeting of the members of a profession, a political party, etc.

SYNONYM conference
-the Democratic Party Convention

Question 30

Precedence (n)

Answer 30

(over somebody/something) : the condition of being more important than somebody else and therefore coming or being dealt with first

SYNONYM priority
-She had to learn that her wishes did not take precedence over other people’s needs.

Question 31

Gather (v)

Answer 31

Idioms

1. to come together, or bring people together, in one place to form a group
   - A crowd soon gathered.
   - Can you all gather round? I’ve got something to tell you.
   - The whole family gathered together at Ray’s home.
   - be gathered + adv./prep. They were all gathered round the TV.
2. to bring things together that have been spread around gather something -People slowly gathered their belongings and left the hall.

Question 32

engage in (phrasal v)

Answer 32

engage in something | engage somebody in something : to take part in something; to make somebody take part in something
-Even in prison, he continued to engage in criminal activities.

Question 33

Indicate (v)

Answer 33

to show that something is true or exists
-The study/evidence/report indicates that…

to be a sign of something; to show that something is possible or likely
-A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.

Question 34

Incident (n)

Answer 34

1. something that happens, especially something unusual or unpleasant
2. a serious or violent event, such as a crime, an accident or an attack
3. a disagreement between two countries, often involving military forces
   - a border/diplomatic incident

Question 35

Congestion (n)

Answer 35

the state of being crowded and full of traffic

-traffic congestion and pollution

Question 36

Disruption (n)

Answer 36

1. (to somebody/something) : a situation in which it is difficult for something to continue in the normal way; the act of stopping something from continuing in the normal way
   - We aim to help you move house with minimum disruption to yourself.
2. significant change to an industry or market due to innovation (= new ideas or methods) in technology

Question 37

Intruder (n)

Answer 37

​a person who enters a building or an area illegally

Question 38

Berserk (adj)

Answer 38

very angry, often in a violent way or without control

-He went berserk when he found out where I’d been.

Question 39

Fellow (adj)

Answer 39

used to describe somebody who is the same as you in some way, or in the same situation

• fellow citizens/students
• my fellow passengers on the train