IELTS 4 module speaking Flashcards
Appetite
the feeling that you want to eat food:
All that walking has given me an appetite.
Allergy
a condition that makes a person become sick or develop skin or breathing problems because they have eaten certain foods or been near certain substances:
an allergy to wheat
Eating Disorder
a mental illness in which people eat far too little or far too much food and are unhappy with their bodies
Underweight
Underweight people weigh too little and are too thin:
According to the hospital chart he’s four kilos underweight.
Malnourished
weak and in bad health because of a lack of food or a lack of food that is good for you:
By the time we saw the child, she was extremely malnourished.
Overweight
fat:
He used to be very overweight.
Overeating
the action of eating more food than your body needs, especially so that you feel uncomfortably full:
Overeating is surely the main cause of obesity.
Obesity
extremely fat in a way that is dangerous for health:
She was not just overweight; she was clinically obese.
Bulimia
a mental illness in which someone eats in an uncontrolled way and in large amounts, then vomits intentionally
Compare
anorexia nervosa
Anorexia
a serious mental illness in which a person does not eat, or eats too little, often resulting in dangerous weight loss :
Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase.
Cravings
a strong feeling of wanting something:
I have a craving for chocolate.
Food poisoning
an illness usually caused by eating food that contains harmful bacteria
Diabetes
a disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood:
Diabetes is diagnosed with a blood test.
Heart disease
a medical condition affecting the heart:
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in many Western countries.
Healthy diet
The main stratagems for maintaining good physiological health were a healthy diet and regular exercise.
Balanced diet
a combination of the correct types and amounts of food:
If you have a balanced diet, you are getting all the vitamins you need.
Portion/serving
a part or share of something larger:
A large/major portion of the company’s profit goes straight back into new projects.
I accept my portion of the blame.
Exercise
physical activity that you do to make your body strong and healthy:
Swimming is my favourite form of exercise.
Nutrition
the substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health:
Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.
Fast food
hot food such as hamburgers that is quick to cook or is already cooked and is therefore served very quickly in a restaurant
Junk food
food that is unhealthy but is quick and easy to eat
Nutrients
any substance that plants or animals need in order to live and grow:
It’s good soil - full of nutrients.
Calories
a unit of energy, often used as a measurement of the amount of energy that food provides:
There are about 50 calories in an apple.
Fat
having a lot of flesh on the body:
He eats all the time but he never gets fat.
Protein
one of the many substances found in food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs, that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong
Carbohydrates
one of several substances, such as sugar or starch, that provide the body with energy, or foods containing these substances such as bread, potatoes, pasta, and rice
Cholesterol
a substance containing a lot of fat that is found in the body tissue and blood of all animals, thought to be part of the cause of heart disease if there is too much of it:
an oil that is high in polyunsaturates and low in cholesterol
Genetically
modified
A genetically modified plant or animal has had some of its genes changed scientifically:
genetically modified food/crops
Organic products
The register will include data on producers of the organic products and types of their products.
Consume
to use fuel, energy, time, or a product, especially in large amounts:
Our high living standards cause our current population to consume 25 percent of the world’s oil.
Consumption
the amount used or eaten:
As a nation, our consumption of junk food is horrifying.
Harvest (noun)
the time of year when crops are cut and collected from the fields, or the activity of cutting and collecting them, or the crops that are cut and collected:
the grain/potato/grape harvest
Harvest (verb)
to pick and collect crops, or to collect plants, animals, or fish to eat:
In the US, winter wheat is harvested in the early summer.
Calcium
a chemical element that is present in teeth, bones, and chalk
Vegetarian
a person who does not eat meat for health or religious reasons or because they want to avoid being cruel to animals:
Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in this country, nearly two thirds are women.
Vegan
a person who does not eat or use any animal products, such as meat, fish, eggs, cheese, or leather:
Vegans get all the protein they need from nuts, seeds, and cereals.
Rich in
containing a large amount of a valuable natural substance such as coal, oil, or wood:
The region is rich in minerals and coal deposits.
Vitamins
any of a group of natural substances that are necessary in small amounts for the growth and good health of the body:
a vitamin pill
Minerals
a chemical that your body needs to stay healthy:
A healthy diet should supply all necessary vitamins and minerals.
Ache
a continuous pain that is unpleasant but not very strong:
As you get older, you have all sorts of aches and pains.
Earache
a pain in the inside part of your ear
Headache
a pain you feel inside your head:
I’ve got a splitting (= severe) headache.
Stomachache
pain in your stomach:
I ate too much and got a terrible stomachache.
Toothache
pain caused by something being wrong with one of your teeth:
I have terrible toothache.
Cancer
a serious disease that is caused when cells in the body grow in a way that is uncontrolled and not normal, killing normal cells and often causing death:
He died of liver cancer.
Tumor
a mass of diseased cells that might become a lump or cause illness:
They found a malignant tumor in her breast.
Acne
a skin disease common in young people, in which small, red spots appear on the face and neck:
Acne is the curse of adolescence.
Insomnia
the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period of time:
Holly suffered from insomnia caused by stress at work.
Cold
at a low temperature, especially when compared to the temperature of the human body, and not hot, or warm:
a cold day/house
Cough
to force air out of your lungs through your throat with a short, loud sound:
The smoke made me cough.
Fever
a medical condition in which the body temperature is higher than usual and the heart beats very fast:
He’s got a headache and a slight fever.
Flu
a common infectious illness that causes fever and headache:
a flu virus
Heart attack
a serious medical condition in which the heart does not get enough blood, causing great pain and often leading to death:
John had a heart attack three years ago.
Sore throat
a condition in which your throat is red and feels painful, especially when you swallow :
She has a sore throat and a fever.
Runny nose
насморк
Runny nose and sneezing are found only with colds (or allergies).
Infection
to pass a disease to a person, animal, or plant:
The ward was full of children infected with TB.
Infectious disease
Infectious disease, also known as communicable disease is illness resulting from an infection.
Pain
a feeling of physical suffering caused by injury or illness:
Her symptoms included abdominal pain and vomiting.
Chills
озноб
Chills can occur because the basal temperature rises.
Chronic disease
Chronic disease results in Korsakov psychosis in women with impaired memory, attention, and spatial orientation.
Chronic disease
Chronic disease results in Korsakov psychosis in women with impaired memory, attention, and spatial orientation.
Virus
an extremely small piece of organic material that causes disease in humans, animals, and plants:
the chickenpox/flu/herpes/mumps virus
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus: the virus that causes AIDS (= a serious disease that destroys the body’s ability to fight infection)
The HIV virus gradually destroys the body’s immune system.
AIDS
abbreviation for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: a serious disease caused by a virus that destroys the body’s natural protection from infection:
Don had full-blown AIDS for over a year before he died.
Phobia
a type of anxiety disorder (= a mental illness that makes someone very worried and affects their life) that involves an extreme fear of something:
She refused the injection because she had a phobia about needles.
Bruise
an injury or mark where the skin has not been broken but is darker in colour, often as a result of being hit by something:
His arms and back were covered in bruises.
Cut
надрез
an injury made when the skin is cut with something sharp:
a deep cut
Wound
a damaged area of the body, such as a cut or hole in the skin or flesh made by a weapon:
a gunshot wound
Scar
a mark left on part of the body after an injury, such as a cut, has healed:
a prominent/a noticeable/an ugly scar
Hospital
a place where people who are ill or injured are treated and taken care of by doctors and nurses:
a general/children’s/maternity hospital
hospital patients/staff
UK I’ve got to go (in)to hospital (US to the hospital) to have an operation.
UK She spent a week in hospital (US in the hospital) last year.
Scratch
to cut or damage a surface or your skin slightly with or on something sharp or rough:
We scratched the wall trying to get the bed into Martha’s room.
Black out
to cover a face or a name so that it cannot be seen:
In the TV interview, they blacked out the victim’s face.
Operating Room
a special room in which people are operated on in a hospital
Prescription
a piece of paper on which a doctor writes the details of the medicine or drugs that someone needs:
a doctor’s prescription
Diagnose
to recognize and name the exact character of a disease or a problem, by examining it:
The specialist diagnosed cancer.
Waiting Room
a room in a place where people can sit while waiting, as in an airport or a doctor’s office
Band aid
a brand name for a small piece of sticky cloth or plastic that you use to cover and protect a cut in the skin
Bandage
a long, narrow piece of cloth that is tied around an injury or a part of someone’s body that has been hurt
Clinic
a building, often part of a hospital, to which people can go for medical care or advice relating to a particular condition:
Bring your baby to the clinic and we’ll take a look at her.
Antenatal clinics provide care for pregnant women.
Check-up
a medical examination to test your general state of health:
She goes to her doctor for regular check-ups.
Ambulance
a special vehicle used to take sick or injured people to hospital:
I called an ambulance.
We were woken in the night by the wail of ambulance sirens.
an ambulance driver
An ambulance crew was called to his home, but he was dead by the time they arrived.
Laboratory
a room or building with scientific equipment for doing scientific tests or for teaching science, or a place where chemicals or medicines are produced:
research laboratories
a computer laboratory
Laboratory tests suggest that the new drug may be used to treat cancer.
Dose (of medicine)
to treat someone as badly as they have treated you
X-Ray machine
Charitable care could not compete with the x-ray machine.
For example, a typical stationary radiographic x-ray machine also includes an ion chamber and grid.
Drugs
any natural or artificially made chemical that is used as a medicine:
anti-cancer/fertility/pain-killing drugs
Injection
the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person’s body using a needle and a syringe (= small tube):
Daily insulin injections are necessary for some diabetics.
Pharmacy
a shop or part of a shop in which medicines are prepared and sold
Medicine
treatment for illness or injury, or the study of this:
paediatric/preventative medicine
Operation
the fact of operating or being active:
There are several reactors of the type in operation (= working) at the moment.
Drug store
a shop where you can buy medicines, make-up, and other things such as chocolate
Pain-killer
a drug that is used to reduce or remove physical pain:
The body produces chemicals that are natural painkillers.
PiII
a small solid piece of medicine that a person swallows without chewing (= crushing with the teeth):
a sleeping pill
Tablet
a small, solid piece of medicine:
a sleeping tablet
Tranquilizer
a drug used to make a person or animal calmer:
She was on tranquilizers for a long time after her son died.
Disease prevention
Профилактика заболеваний
A general literature review revealed more than 1,000 systematic reviews in the general field of disease prevention and control.
Disease prevention priority is emphasized in the state program of public health development, in a number of federal and capital laws.
Welfare
a system of payments made by the government to people who are ill, poor, or who have no job:
He’s on social security.
Dentist
a person whose job is treating people’s teeth:
You should have your teeth checked by a dentist at least twice a year.
Doctor
a person with a medical degree whose job is to treat people who are ill or hurt:
The doctor prescribed some medication.
General Practitioner
a doctor who provides general medical treatment for people who live in a particular area:
The doctor started as a general practitioner 20 years ago.
Midwife
a person, usually a woman, who is trained to help women when they are giving birth
Nurse
(the title given to) a person whose job is to care for people who are ill or injured, especially in a hospital:
He worked as a nurse in a psychiatric hospital.
Patient
пациент
Brucellosis is diagnosed preliminarily by the patient’s history of exposure to likely sources of Brucella bacteria and the patient’s clinical symptoms.
Specialist
a doctor who has special training in and knowledge of a particular area of medicine:
She’s a specialist in childhood illnesses.
Surgeon
a doctor who is specially trained to perform medical operations
The surgeon makes a small incision into which a tube is inserted.
Psychologist
someone who studies the human mind and human emotions and behaviour, and how different situations have an effect on people:
a child psychologist
Psychiatrist
a doctor who is also trained in psychiatry
A psychiatrist was examined on the mental state of the defendant.
Pass away
When a person dies
- People pass away, but memories of
them will last forever.
- I wish I’d gone to see my
grandmother before she passed
Come down
with
To start to feel sick
- About four years ago, my daughter
came down with this same disease.
- Almost a half of the school had come
down with an illness during the year.
Shake off
To slowly recover from
an illness
- It took me a few weeks but I finally
shook off this cold.
- I can’t shake off illnesses as quickly
as I used to be able to.
Fight off
When a person’s
immune system fights
an illness
- You have to stay in bed and take
some medicines to fight off the flu.
- Your body is primed to fight off the
infection.
Get over
To return to health
after being sick
- It took me a year to get over the
accident.
- She still hasn’t got over the flu and
feels quite ill still.
Throw up
Vomiting
- I feel terrible – I’ve been throwing up
all night!
- He felt sick, as if he was going to
throw up.
Unhealthy
not good for your health:
an unhealthy diet
Painful
болезненный
Wanting to avoid repeating that painful experience.
Unwell
not well; ill:
I hear you’ve been unwell recently.
Common
the same in a lot of places or for a lot of people:
It’s quite common to see couples who dress alike.
Rare/obscure
not known to many people:
an obscure island in the Pacific
Chronic
(especially of a disease or something bad) continuing for a long time:
chronic diseases/conditions
Infectious
(of a disease) able to be passed from one person, animal, or plant to another:
an infectious disease
Contagious
A contagious disease can be caught by touching someone who has the disease or by touching an infected object, or by an infected person coughing, sneezing, etc. near you:
The infection is highly contagious, so don’t let anyone else use your towel.
Therapeutic
relating to the curing of a disease or medical condition:
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves, above the range of human hearing, for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Gluten-free
containing no gluten (= a protein contained in wheat and some other grains):
Gluten-free bread can be found in most large supermarkets.
Severe
causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc.; very serious:
a severe chest infection/leg injury/toothache
Digestion
Poor gut health
Fiber
Ancestor
Vegetable/veggies
Greasy
Cuisine
Вough
Mayonnaise
