Flashcards Ielts 1 module
Adolescence
- the period of time in a person’s life when they are developing into an adult:
She had a troubled adolescence.
yet another novel about the joys and sorrows of adolescence
Adolescent
- teenager, a young person who is developing into an adult:
He looked uncomfortable, like a self-conscious adolescent who’s gone to the wrong party.
I’m looking after six adolescents for a week.
She doesn’t understand the emotional problems of adolescents.
Adult
- a person or animal that has grown to full size and strength:
An adult under English law is someone over 18 years old.
Adults pay an admission charge but children get in free.
Adulthood
- the part of someone’s life when they are an adult:
People in England legally reach adulthood at 18.
Responsibility, I suppose, is what defines adulthood.
Behavior
- the way that someone behaves:
Her behavior is often appalling.
He was notorious for his violent and threatening behavior.
Bond
- a close connection joining two or more people:
the bond(s) of friendship/love
There has been a close bond between them ever since she saved him from drowning.
In societies with strong family bonds (= relationships), people tend to live longer.
Child
- a boy or girl from the time of birth until he or she is an adult, or a son or daughter of any age:
an eight-year-old child
As a child I didn’t eat vegetables.
A small group of children waited outside the door.
Both her children are now married with children of their own.
Jan is married with three young children.
Childhood
- the time when someone is a child:
She had an unhappy childhood.
Childhood is not always a happy time.
Connection
- the state of being related to someone or something else:
The connection between smoking and heart disease is well known.
They’re sisters? I knew their surname was the same, but I never made (= thought of) the connection.
Dependent
- needing the support of something or someone in order to continue existing or operating:
He has three dependent children.
It’s very easy to become dependent on sleeping pills.
Family gatherings
- all members of a family meeting together for a social event:
The family decided they were going to have an agreed annual family gathering one mutually agreed holiday period a year to ensure all members of the family had a close bond.
Family life
- life in a family:
Family life is so important to us all as we value it and it is always our priority
Family traditions
- Family tradition, also called Family culture, is defined as aggregate of attitudes, ideas and ideals, and environment, which a person inherits from his/her parents and ancestors.
Formative years
- формирующие годы:
In his formative years he developed a love of nature and from an early age displayed his remarkable academic and artistic talents and capacities.
Infancy
- the time when someone is a baby or a very young child:
Her youngest child died in infancy.
Infant
- a baby or a very young child:
a newborn infant
Interaction
- an occasion when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other:
There’s not enough interaction between the management and the workers.
Language games are usually intended to encourage student interaction.
The play follows the interactions of three very different characters.
Nurture
- to take care of, feed, and protect someone or something, especially young children or plants, and help him, her, or it to develop:
She wants to stay at home and nurture her children.
a carefully nurtured garden
Relationship
- the way in which two things are connected:
Scientists have established the relationship between lung cancer and smoking.
Relative
- a member of your family:
I don’t have many blood relatives (= people related to me by birth rather than by marriage).
All her close/distant relatives came to the wedding.
Sibling rivalry
- competition and arguments among brothers and sisters:
A deeper sense of love and trust often develops between siblings who sleep near each other, lessening sibling rivalry during waking hours.
Sibling
- a brother or sister:
I have four siblings: three brothers and a sister.
There was great sibling rivalry (= competition) between Peter and his brother.
Striking
resemblance
- поразительное сходство:
His eldest son, now 13, bears a striking resemblance to his father.
Supervision
- to watch a person or activity to make certain that everything is done correctly, safely, etc.:
The UN is supervising the distribution of aid by local agencies in the disaster area.
The children play while two teachers supervise (= make certain that they behave correctly and are safe).
Toddler
- a young child, especially one who is learning or has recently learned to walk:
Are these toys suitable for toddlers?
Upbringing
- the way in which you are treated and educated when young, especially by your parents, especially in relation to the effect that this has on how you behave and make moral decisions:
Is it right to say all the crimes he committed were simply the result of his upbringing?
Authoritarian
- demanding that people obey completely and refusing to allow them freedom to act as they wish:
an authoritarian regime/government/ruler
His manner is extremely authoritarian.
Close
- having direct family connections or shared beliefs, support, and sympathy:
There weren’t many people at the funeral - just close family/relatives.
They’re a worrying political party because of their close links/ties with terrorist groups.
In those early months, there’s a very close bond between mother and child.
a close community
Divorced
- married in the past but not now married:
She’s divorced.
They got divorced after only six months of marriage.
Extended family
- a family unit that includes grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts, and uncles, etc. in addition to parents and children:
A lot of people in his employ and in his extended family tiptoed around Jake, always careful of triggering his wrath.
Juvenile delinquency
- crime that is committed by young people:
Lack of parental control is seen to lie behind drug abuse and juvenile delinquency.
The court averages more than 3,000 cases of juvenile delinquency each year.
Lenient
- not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected:
They believe that judges are too lenient with terrorist suspects.
In view of the quantity of drugs involved, 16 years was the most lenient sentence (= punishment) the judge could impose.
Maternal
-behaving or feeling in the way that a mother does towards her child, especially in a kind, loving way:
maternal instincts
She is very maternal towards her employees.
Nuclear family
- a family consisting of two parents and their children, but not including aunts, uncles, grandparents, etc.:
We average fewer than two children per nuclear family.
Over-protective
- wishing to protect someone, especially a child, too much:
The children of overprotective parents often do not develop the skills they need to take care of themselves when they leave home.
Paternal
typical of or like a father, especially a kind father:
He’s very paternal with the baby.
paternal authority
Protective
- wanting to protect someone from criticism, hurt, danger, etc. because you like them very much:
It’s easy to be too protective towards/of your children.
She’s fiercely protective of the man she married 29 years ago.
Rebellious
- If someone is rebellious, they are difficult to control and do not behave in the way that is expected:
Her teachers regard her as a rebellious, trouble-making girl.
Responsible
- to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it, him, or her:
Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.
Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.
Separated
- to start to live in a different place from your husband or wife because the relationship has ended:
My parents separated when I was six and divorced a couple of years later.
Single-parent family
- семья с одним родителем:
But at that time there were no tuition fees, and coming from a single-parent family, she probably would have qualified for a full maintenance grant.
Stable
- A stable person is mentally healthy:
She seems more stable these days.
Strict
- strongly limiting someone’s freedom to behave as they wish, or likely to severely punish someone if they do not obey:
My parents were very strict with me when I was young.
Stricter controls on air pollution would help to reduce acid rain.
A strict curfew has been imposed from dusk till dawn.
We follow very strict guidelines on the use and storage of personal details on computers.
Do you think stricter gun laws would reduce the murder rate in the United States?
The drug should only be administered under strict medical supervision.
The negotiations took place in strict (= total) secrecy.
Well-adjusted
- A well adjusted person is reasonable and has good judgment and their behaviour is not difficult or strange:
[ before noun ] a quiet, well-adjusted man
Adopt
-to legally take another person’s child into your own family and take care of him or her as your own child:
They’ve adopted a baby girl.
She had the child adopted (= she gave her baby to someone else to take care of).
They have no children of their own, but they’re hoping to adopt.
Bring up
- to care for a child until they are an adult, often giving them particular beliefs:
She was brought up by her grandmother.
They brought her up (as/to be) a Catholic.
Endure/tolerate
-to suffer something difficult, unpleasant, or painful:
We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.
She’s already had to endure three painful operations on her leg.
Foster
-to take care of a child, usually for a limited time, without being the child’s legal parent:
Would you consider fostering (a child)?
Get on well with
- to have a friendly relationship with somebody:
She’s never really got on with her sister.
She and her sister have never really got on.
We get along just fine together.
Grow
- to increase in size or amount, or to become more advanced or developed:
Children grow so quickly.
This plant grows best in the shade.
She’s grown three centimetres this year.
Football’s popularity continues to grow.
The labour force is expected to grow by two percent next year.
The male deer grows large, branching horns called antlers.
Have smth in common
- (of people) to have the same interests, ideas, etc. as somebody else:
Tim and I have nothing in common./I have nothing in common with Tim.
Inherit
- o receive money, a house, etc. from someone after they have died:
Who will inherit the house when he dies?
All her children will inherit equally.
Keep in touch
- поддерживать связь:
Consider how you’ll keep in touch while abroad.
Mature
- Mature people behave like adults in a way that shows they are well developed emotionally:
He’s very mature for his age.
Play a role
- играть определенную роль:
Disposable slippers for hotel rooms play a role, rather changeable slippers.
Raise
- to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown:
Her parents died when she was a baby and she was raised by her grandparents.
The lambs had to be raised by hand (= fed milk by people) when their mother died.
The farmer raises (= breeds) chickens and pigs.
The soil around here isn’t good enough for raising (= growing) crops.
Throw a tantrum
- to experience and show a strong feeling of anger, especially suddenly:
My mother threw a fit when she saw what a mess we’d made of her kitchen.
BRING UP
To be raised by your parents or guardians
- Clara is too young to bring up a
child.
- Families must clearly consider
the many struggles of bringing
up children before they have a
family. (IELTS Writing)
