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IELTS > IELTS 2 > Flashcards

IELTS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

brink

A

edge, verge حاشیه - آستانه

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2
Q

definitive

A

adj. Final, complete ; not able to be changed

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3
Q

concur

A

v. همراه - موافق
n. concurrence
adj. concurrent
I strongly concur with that idea

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4
Q

swamp

A

v. غرق شدن با آب یا کاری

n. باطلاق

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5
Q

reclining

A

لم دادن

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6
Q

flaw

A

نقص

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7
Q

outright

A

adj. adv. Completely clearly immediately
Neither candidate won outright
an outright ban/rejection/victory

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8
Q

faint

A

adj. slight - not strong and clear

The lamp gave out a faint glow

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9
Q

grazing

A

چراگاه

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10
Q

Parasite(perasait)

A

انگل

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11
Q

infest

A

v. هجوم بردن حیوانات موذی

The kitchen was infested with ants

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12
Q

Pollinate

A

گرده افشانی

n. pollen گرده

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13
Q

devastate

A

v. to destroy a place or thing completely

to make someone feel very shocked and upset

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14
Q

sting

A

نیش زدن

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15
Q

counteract

A

خنثی کردن

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16
Q

pull out

A

ترک کردن - خارج شدن

He pulled out of the deal at the last moment

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17
Q

Confidential

A

محرمانه

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18
Q

lime

A

آهک

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19
Q

blemish

A

n. v. لکه - لکه شدن

unblemished

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20
Q

grind

A

سابیدن

pp. ground

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21
Q

tinted

A

adj. with color added:
Tinted glasses
The President arrived at the airport in a car with tinted windows

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22
Q

coincidence

A

n. two things happening at the same time by chance, in a surprising way
What a coincidence

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23
Q

homogenize

A

v. همگن کردن - مثل هم کردن

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24
Q

Mar

A

v. صدمه زدن - خراب کردن

It was a really nice day, marred only by a little argument in the car

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25
Q

inclusions

A

n. شامل شدن : She is being considered for inclusion in the team
تداخل : They tried to prevent the inclusion of any material

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26
Q

tremor

A

n. a slight shaking movement in a person’s body, especially because of nervousness or excitement
There was a slight tremor in her voice

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27
Q

ripple

A

v. n. a small wave on the surface of a liquid, especially water in a lake
The stone she threw caused ripples to spread across the lake
“- plain ice cream with thin wavy lines of other flavors in it:
raspberry ripple”

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28
Q

reveal

A

v. آشکار کردن - معلوم کردن

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29
Q

embark

A

v. to go onto a ship
embark on شروع کردن درس یا مطلب
She has already embarked on her studies

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30
Q

context

A

متن - مفهوم

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31
Q

glacier

A

کوه یخ

adj. glacial منجمد - سرد

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32
Q

dazzling

A

adj. خیره کننده
a dazzling white light
a dazzling performance

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33
Q

unaccustomed

A

adj. not used to - not usual (weather)

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34
Q

famine

A

قحطی disasters such as floods and famine

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35
Q

precedent

A

n. سابقه دار

unprecedented adj. بی سابقه

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36
Q

seesaw

A

v. الاکلنگ - بالا پایین رفتن

Her emotions see-sawed from anger to fear

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37
Q

abruptly

A

adv. ناگهان - با لحن تند

an abrupt manner/reply

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38
Q

proxy

A

n. نماینده - وکیل

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39
Q

descend

A

v. to go or come down
The plane began its final descent into the airport.
There is a steep descent (= way down, such as a path) to the village below

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40
Q

fodder

A

food that is given to cows, horses and other farm animals

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41
Q

commodity

A

جنس کالا مواد اولیه

rice, flour and other basic commodities

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42
Q

cue

A

n. راهنما - نشانه

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43
Q

feeble

A

adj. weak and without energy

The little lamp gave only a feeble light

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44
Q

phenomenon

A

n. پدیده

Gravity is a natural phenomenon

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45
Q

enrollment

A

registration

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46
Q

carpool

A

استفاده نوبتی از ماشین برای رفت آمد

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47
Q

noun for up in writing

A

increase
rise
climb
growth/grow

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48
Q

noun for down in writing

A 
decrease
fall
drop
decline
dip
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49
Q

adv. for a a lot in writing

A

significantly
sharply
considerably

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50
Q

adv. for a little in writing

A

slightly

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51
Q

adv. for not change in writing

A

steadily

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52
Q

account

A

بیان علت - محاسبه کردن -

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53
Q

bring back

A

re-import

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54
Q

drastic

A

adj. severe and sudden or having very noticeable effects: Output has been drastically reduced

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55
Q

will in formal writing

A

be likely to
be estimated to
be predicted to
be certain to

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56
Q

adv. for future

A

certainly
undoubtedly
probably

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57
Q

future with will

A 
make prediction
events haven't arrange yet
not personal
decide what to do at time of speech
offer, promises or suggestion
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58
Q

intention

A

n. something that you want and plan to do قصد خیال

v, intend: We intend to go to Australia next year

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59
Q

future going to

A

intentions

predictions with evidence

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60
Q

acquisition

A

n. یادگیری - تحصیل

second language acquisition

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61
Q

fury

A

n. extreme anger

He kicked the tree in fury at his own stupidity

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62
Q

inflict

A

v. ضربه زدن - خسارت زدن

They surveyed the damage inflicted by the storm

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63
Q

trail

A

v. دنبال کشیدن

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64
Q

take a branch

A

راه جدید رفتن (منحرف شدن موشک)

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65
Q

nifty

A

adj. handy بسهولت قابل استفاده

a nifty little gadget for slicing cucumbers

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66
Q

offing

A

n. آینده نزدیک

in the offing = likely to happen soon

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67
Q

avalanche

A

n. بهمن - تعداد زیادی از هر چیز

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68
Q

menace

A

n. v. تهدید - تهدید کردن

the menace of industrial pollution

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69
Q

hail

A

v. صدا زدن
Shall we hail a taxi?
n. تگرگ

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70
Q

torrent

A

n. سیل

adj. torrential سیل آسا

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71
Q

ambivalent

A

adj. دو دل

I felt very ambivalent about leaving home

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72
Q

prodigy

A

n. person with exceptional intelligence, exceptional talented child

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73
Q

eccentric

A

adj. عجیب غریب

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74
Q

denigrate

A

v. بدنام کردن

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75
Q

mist

A

غبار - مه

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76
Q

vantage point

A

a place from which you can see a lot of things

- point of view

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77
Q

continuum

A

a series of similar items in which each is almost the same as the ones next to it but the last is very different from the first

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78
Q

mediocre (midioker)

A

adj. متوسط

a mediocre musician/talent/performance

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79
Q

marvel

A

v. to show or experience great surprise or admiration

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80
Q

manifest

A

v. to show something clearly, through signs or actions
The illness first manifested itself in/as severe stomach pains
n. manifestation

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81
Q

outrage

A

n. a strong feeling of shock and anger
n. an act or event that is violent, cruel or very wrong and that shocks people or makes them very angry
v. to make sb very shocked and angry

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82
Q

jogging

A

n. دویدن آهسته

He usually goes jogging for half an hour before breakfast

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83
Q

outstrip

A

v. جلو افتادن

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84
Q

emulate

A

v. تقلید کردن - imitate - mimic

She hopes to emulate her sister’s sporting achievements

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85
Q

unpalatable

A

adj. unpleasant بد طعم - تلخ (حقیقت)
unpalatable food
unpalatable truth

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86
Q

integrity

A

n. درستی راستی کمال

to behave with integrity

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87
Q

delude

A

v. فریب دادن

He’s deluding himself if he thinks it’s going to be easy

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88
Q

inexorable

A

adj. that cannot be stopped or changed

the inexorable march of new technology

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89
Q

equilibrium

A

تعادل توازن

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90
Q

inevitable

A

adj. that you cannot avoid or prevent - اجتناب ناپذیرناگزیر ناچار
It was an inevitable consequence of the decision

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91
Q

invert

A

v. برگرداندن - معکوس کردن

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92
Q

frugal

A

adj. با صرفه جویی - قتاعت

frugal meal غذای ساده و مختصر

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93
Q

birds of prey

A

مرغ شکاری

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94
Q

captivity

A

n. اسارت

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95
Q

hibernate

A

v. to spend the winter sleeping

n. hibernation

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96
Q

hedgehog

A

جوجه تیغی

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97
Q

comrade (kaamrad)

A

رفیق - همراه

They were old army comrades

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98
Q

sparing

A

adj. کم - ناچیز

sparing use of energy

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99
Q

spend …. ?

A

spend on sth/doing sth

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100
Q

30% ?

A

30 percent

If the noun is plural, the verb is plural: 65% of children play computer games

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101
Q

role collocation

A

v. perform, play, take
adj. dominant, essential, fundamental, important, key, leading, major
pre. in

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102
Q

pros and cons

A

for and against
advantages and drawbacks
strengths and weaknesses
opportunities and obstacles

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103
Q

endorse

A

v. امضا کردن - صحه گذاری

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104
Q

deliberately

A

adv. عمدا

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105
Q

wander

A

go without direction سرگردان بودن

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106
Q

obsess

A

v. عقده شدن - وسواس شدن
~ about - ~ over
n. obsession وسواس

107
Q

heel

A

پاشنه

heels کفش پاشنه بلند

108
Q

verb for lecture

A

give, present, attend, go to, hear (formal), listen to, miss, skip, prepare, write

109
Q

enunciate

A

v. to say or pronounce words clearly

110
Q

stand out

A

v. to be much better than other similar things or people

n. standout: While all the desserts are pretty good, the clear standout is the lemon pie

111
Q

trim

A

cutting a small amount

112
Q

hairstyle

A

quiff
low fade
under cut
comb over face

113
Q

demeanor (deminer)

A

رفتار

they have a friendly demeanor

114
Q

gratify

A

v. خوشنود شدن - لذت بردن
He was gratified to see how well his students had done
n. gratification: I like immediate gratification

115
Q

commuting

A

v. act of travelling back and forth between home and work

116
Q

spacious

A

adj. large and with a lot of space

a spacious house/living room

117
Q

let off steam

A

to get rid of your energy, anger or strong emotions by doing sth active or noisy
I went for a long walk to let off steam

118
Q

bowing

A

تعظیم کردن

119
Q

compulsory (kampolseri)

A

اجباری

compulsory education

120
Q

elaborate

A

v. explain something
adj. پر زحمت
She had prepared a very elaborate meal

121
Q

comprehensive

A

adj. complete and including everything that is necessary کامل و جامع
He has written a fully comprehensive guide to Rome

122
Q

render

A

v. تحویل دادن - ارائه دادن

123
Q

foster

A

v. پرورش دادن

foster child فرزند خوانده

124
Q

reckless

A

adj. بی ملاحضه

reckless use of synthetic chemicals

125
Q

pose

A

v. to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty

Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone

126
Q

lethal

A

adj. مهلک - کشنده

a lethal weapon

127
Q

potent

A

adj. very powerful, forceful or effective

This is a very potent drug

128
Q

glaring

A

adj. describes something bad that is very obvious آشکار - مشهود
One glaring disadvantage of pesticides

129
Q

havoc (havek)

A

خرابی - ویرانی

The floods caused havoc throughout the area

130
Q

glory

A

جلال شکوه

131
Q

crop yield

A

بازده محصول

132
Q

outbreak

A

a sudden beginning of something, especially of a disease or something else dangerous or unpleasant ظهور - شیوع

133
Q

outlay

A

هزینه

The best equipment is costly but is well worth the outlay

134
Q

peril

A

خطر

135
Q

indiscriminate

A

بی رویه

The indiscriminate use of pesticides is now banned

136
Q

eradication

A

ریشه کن شدن

137
Q

nuisance

A

مزاحم

I don’t want to be a nuisance so tell me if you want to be alone

138
Q

stray

A

ولگرد - سرگردان

a stray dog

139
Q

taxonomy

A

سیستم رده بندی و طبقه بندی حیوانات و گیاهان

140
Q

bait

A

n. طعمه

v. طعمه گذاشتن

141
Q

Pitfall

A
  • گودال سر پوشیده - دام - تله
142
Q

rot

A

v. decay پوسیدن - فاسد شدن

adj. rotten

143
Q

aspirator

A

مکنده

144
Q

forceps

A

پنس - انبرک

145
Q

sift

A

الک کردن

146
Q

coarse (cors)

A

adj. زبر - درشت - بی ادبی
a coarse joke
to sift the leaf litter through a coarse screen

147
Q

compound sentence

A

for, and , nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)

148
Q

before

after

A

prior to

following

149
Q

stages in writing

A

It takes several steps

It goes through several stages

150
Q

Beginning Step

A

First
To begin
The first step is

151
Q

Middle Steps

A 
Next
Then
Before
After
The next step
152
Q

Last Step

A

Finally
The last step
The final step

153
Q

before and after

A

Use before with the step that comes later. Use after with the step that comes first
Before the raisins are put into packages, they are sorted
The raisins are taken to the processing plant after they are dried

154
Q

for cooking

A

chop - dice - roll out - mash - grate - mince - shred - slice - peel

155
Q

intercity

A

بین شهری

intercity bus

156
Q

Exhaust fumes

A

دود اگزوز

157
Q

inquiry (enkueri)

A

پرس و جو - استعلام

inquiry about sth

158
Q

fleet

A

ناوگان - کشتی جنگی

159
Q

discipline

A

n. نظم - تربیت
v. تربیت کردن - punishment ادب کردن
servant has been disciplined for revealing secret

160
Q

undisputed

A

adj. بی چون و چرا
dispute: مشاجره - مباحثه
The unions are in dispute with management over pay

161
Q

starboard

port

A

سمت چپ کشتی یا هواپیما

سمت راست

162
Q

hull

A

بدنه کشتی

163
Q

erode

A

v. فرسوده شدن
n. erosion
soil/coastal erosion

164
Q

intact

A

adj. undamaged

165
Q

sink

A

v. sink sank sunk

adj. sunken غرق شده

166
Q

timber

A

چوب - تخته

167
Q

obscure

A

v. to prevent something from being seen or heard

The sun was obscured by clouds

168
Q

salvage

A

v. to save goods from damage or destruction, especially from a ship that has sunk

169
Q

distinct

A

adj. مجزا - واضع

170
Q

stabbing

A

چاقو کشی

171
Q

extraterrestrial

A

فرا زمینی

172
Q

folklore

A

افسانه های قدیمی

Her books are often based on folklore and fairy-tales

173
Q

scrawny

A

adj. very skinny, often with bones showing
He had long scrawny fingers
scrawny trees

174
Q

sediment

A

ته نشین - رسوب

researchers found pollen preserved in lake sediments

175
Q

lush (laash)

A

adj. (of places, furniture, decoration, etc.) expensive and luxurious: a lush carpet
سرسبز : the lush green countryside

176
Q

descendant

A

نوادگان - نسل

177
Q

fragile

A

adj. easily damaged, broken or harmed

Be careful with that vase - it’s very fragile

178
Q

interpret

A

v. ترجمه کردن - تفسیر کردن

She works as an interpreter in Brussels

179
Q

chieftain

A

ریس قبیله - سردسته

180
Q

assert

A

v. اثبات کردن - ادعا کردن
She continued to assert that she was innocent
I really must assert myself more in meetings

181
Q

catastrophe

A

a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction فاجعه
The country is on the brink of a humanitarian catastrophe

182
Q

extinct

A

adj. not now existing منقرض

Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years

183
Q

groove

A

n. شیار - کانال

Cut a groove 3 cm from the top of the piece of wood

184
Q

ingenious

A

adj. very clever and skillful مبتکر - باهوش

185
Q

haphazard

A

adj. not having an obvious order or plan

haphazard arrangements of splashed paint on canvas

186
Q

incline

A

v. تمایل - شیب - انحراف

We have an inclination to follow the crowd

187
Q

perception

A

n. درک - احساس - نظر - عقیده
We have to change the public’s perception that money is being wasted
adj. perceptive

188
Q

appreciate

A

v. قدر دانی

189
Q

doodle

A

v. n. خط خطی کردن

I often doodle when I’m on the phone

190
Q

acclaim

A

v. تحسین کردن - آفرین گفتن

n. acclaimed تحسین بر انگیز

191
Q

renown

A

n. the state of being famous

a woman of great renown

192
Q

ambiguous

A

adj. having or expressing more than one possible meaning مبهم - دو پهلو
His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous

193
Q

scrutinise

A

v. to examine something very carefully in order to discover information بررسی کردن
n. scrutiny: The regulations have been subject to intense scrutiny موشکافی

194
Q

decipher

A

v. to discover the meaning of something written badly or in a difficult or hidden way

195
Q

deception

A

n. قریب

196
Q

meticulous (metikules))

A

با دقت very careful and with great attention to every detail: The entire project was meticulously planned

197
Q

intricacy

A

n. دقت و پیچیدگی

adj. intricate

198
Q

motif

A

نقش و نگار

199
Q

a lot of
lots of
much

A

+ a lot of / much (not use lots of)

- lots of / a lot of (not use much

200
Q

Neither/None

A

none for more that 2

201
Q

use the

A 
there is one: the sun
river: the nile
island groups: the maldives
mountain range: the alpe
seas
famous building: the white house
202
Q

No article

A

plural or uncountable nouns to talk generally
قاره - کشور - شهر - کوه - دریاچه - وعده غذایی
ساختمان ها با نام شهر: kerman airport

203
Q

not use the

A

at home; at/to work; at night; by bus/bicycle/car/train/plane; on foot

204
Q

each / every

A

each: with single noun and verb
every for 3 or more
each of n. not every of n. : each of students must present a lecture - every student has a book

205
Q

both

A

p. noun p. verb

both of noun or pronoun

206
Q

either/neither

A

s. noun s. or p. verb

207
Q

none of

A

p. noun or pronoun s. or p. verb (single is formal)

208
Q

grow

grow up

A 
grow (plants, other things)
grow up (people, cities)
209
Q

study

learn

A

study: learn about sth through books or a course - no preposition after study: i am studding law
learn: get new knowledge or skills: ~ about, ~ from, ~ to
i learned a lot from this course

210
Q

stutter

A

لکنت داشتن

211
Q

conjecture

A

a guess not based on any proof

It’s not conjecture. I’m absolutely certain of it

212
Q

contradict

A

v. state the opposite تناقض داشتن - رد کردن

Recent evidence has tended to contradict established theories on this subject

213
Q

mansion

A

n. a very large expensive house کاخ

214
Q

cellar

A

زیرزمین

215
Q

ailment (eilment)

A

an illness

Treat minor ailments yourself

216
Q

identical twins

fraternal twins

A

دو قلوهای تک تخمکی

دو تخمکی

217
Q

vulnerability (vaalnerability)

A

n. able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt آسیب پذیری
adj. vulnerable

218
Q

heredity

A

وراثت

Diet and exercise can influence a person’s weight, but heredity is also a factor

219
Q

dull

A

adj. کسل کننده - banal (معمولی و پیش پا افتاده)

a banal conversation about the weather

220
Q

absurdity (abserditi)

A

n. مسخرگی - چرت و پرتی -

adj. absurd = ridiculous - foolish in an amusing way

221
Q

realism

A

واقع گرایی

222
Q

exertion

A

n. p. physical or mental effort; the act of making an effort تلاش : He needed to relax after the exertions of a busy day at work
n. s. the use of power to make sth happen زور - فشار: the exertion of authority
v. exert

223
Q

all the children

A

all of them

not all of the children

224
Q

use they

A

when we do not know or do not need to say if the person is male or female
I asked a student if they W,ed learning English and they said no!

225
Q

perspicuous

A

adj. واضح - روشن - شفاف

226
Q

plummet

A

v. to fall very quickly and suddenly:

House prices have plummeted in recent months

227
Q

plunge

A

v. سقوط کردن

The car went out of control and plunged over the cliff

228
Q

substantial

A

adj. قابل توجه

229
Q

adj for big change

A

dramatic
substantial
significant

230
Q

adj for small change

A

slight

modest

231
Q

adj for no change

A

steady
stable
unchanged

232
Q

adv for gradual change

A

gradually, slowly, consistently

233
Q

Immerse

A

submerge in liquid

become deeply involved

234
Q

Adjective

A 
Number
General quality
Opinion
Size
Shape
Age
Color
Nationality
Material
235
Q

bonus

A

پاداش

236
Q

voluntary, volunteer

A

v-o-l-u-n-t-a-r-y-, v-o-l-u-n-t-e-e-r

237
Q

definitely

A

Adv. without any doubt

238
Q

rebellious

A

adj. unwilling to obey rules or accept normal standards

مخالف - سرکش : rebellious teenager

239
Q

reminisce

A

v. to think, talk or write about a happy time in your past

We spent a happy evening reminiscing about the past

240
Q

conjecture (kaanjekcher)

A

n. حدس و گمان

He conjectured that the population might double in ten years

241
Q

dialect (daaylekt)

A

لهجه

a regional dialect

242
Q

coherent

incoherent

A

adj. مربوط

نامربوط

243
Q

comprehend

A

v. to understand something completely:

I fail to comprehend their attitude

244
Q

evolution

A

n. تکامل

245
Q

adverb order

A

Manner - Place - Frequency - Time - purpose

246
Q

adequately

A

a-d-e-q-u-a-t-e-l-y

247
Q

necessary

A

n-e-c-e-s-s-a-r-y

248
Q

10 year old

A

When used as an adjective the correct thing to say is year old. A ten-year-old boy is sitting on the couch. When used as a verb construct it must agree with the noun in terms of quantity. The boy is sitting on the couch is 10 years old

249
Q

ancient

A

a-n-c-i-e-n-t

250
Q

scenery collocation

prospect-landscape-perspective

A

beautiful, breathtaking, dramatic, fantastic, glorious, impressive, magnificent, spectacular, stunning, superb, wonderful, fascinated
coastal, mountain, mountainous

251
Q

overlooking

A

v. مشرف بودن

a restaurant overlooking the lake

252
Q

precede

A

v. to be or go before something

253
Q

lecture

A

l-e-c-t-u-r-e

254
Q

vegetarian

A

v-e-g-e-t-a-r-i-a-n

255
Q

junction

A

in the High Street at the junction with Station Road

256
Q

crossing the road

A

on the High Street. crossing the road in front of the supermarket

257
Q

crow

A

کلاغ

258
Q

permanent

A

p-e-r-m-a-n-e-n-t

259
Q

glitch

A

a small problem or fault that stops sth working successfully

260
Q

occupancy

A

سکونت

The percentage of coastal hotel occupancy experienced the greatest peaks and troughs

261
Q

Luggage

A

uncountable and refers to all of your bags
Put your luggage/suitcases here
each of your suitcases/ pieces of luggage

262
Q

ascending

descending

A

صعودی

نزولی

263
Q

exemption

A

معافیت
a tax exemption on money donated to charity
v. exempt

264
Q

contradict

A

v. to state the opposite
n. contradiction تناقض
adj. contradictory متناقض

IELTS (3 decks)

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