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Ieb > Ieb2 > Flashcards

Ieb2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is molêre massa?

A

Die massa in gram van een mol van daardie stof.

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2
Q

Define ‘n oplossing.

A

‘n Homogene mengsel van opgeloste stof en oplosmiddel.

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3
Q

What is the role of die opgeloste stof in ‘n oplossing?

A

Die stof wat in die oplossing opgelos word.

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4
Q

What is die oplosmiddel?

A

Die stof waarin ‘n ander stof opgelos word.

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5
Q

What does molêre konsentrasie refer to?

A

Die hoeveelheid mol per oplosmiddel per eenheid volume van die vloeistof.

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6
Q

What is % opbrengs?

A

Die werklike hoeveelheid produk teen die teoretiese hoeveelheid produk vergelyk, as ‘n persentasie uitgedruk.

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7
Q

Define ‘n intramolekulêre binding.

A

‘n Binding wat tussen atome binne molekules voorkom.

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8
Q

What is ‘n intermolekulêre krag?

A

Aantrekkingskrag tussen molekules of tussen atome van edelgasse.

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9
Q

What characterizes ‘n kovalente binding?

A

Die deling van ten minste een paar elektrone deur twee atome.

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10
Q

What is ‘n ioniese binding?

A

Oordrag van elektrone om katione en anione te vorm.

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11
Q

Define metalbinding.

A

Aantrekking tussen positiewe kerne en ‘n see van gedelokaliseerde elektrone.

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12
Q

What does elektronegatiwiteit measure?

A

Die neiging van ‘n atoom om ‘n bindingspaar elektrone aan te trek.

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13
Q

What are organiese molekules?

A

Molekules wat koolstofatome bevat, met sekere uitsonderings.

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14
Q

Define koolwaterstof.

A

‘n Verbinding wat slegs koolstof- en waterstofatome bevat.

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15
Q

What is ‘n homoloë reeks?

A

‘n Reeks van soortgelyke verbindings met dieselfde funksionele groep.

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16
Q

What characterizes ‘n versadigde verbinding?

A

Alle bindings tussen koolstofatome is enkelbindings.

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17
Q

Define ‘n onversadigde verbinding.

A

‘n Verbinding met ten minste een dubbel en/of driedubbele binding.

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18
Q

What is ‘n funksionele groep?

A

‘n Atoom of ‘n groep atome wat die middelpunt vorm van chemiese aktiwiteit.

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19
Q

Define strukturele isomere.

A

Verbindings met dieselfde molekulêre formule maar verskillende struktuurformules.

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20
Q

What is reaksiewarmte (AH)?

A

Die netto verandering in die potensile energie van die sisteem.

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21
Q

True or False: Eksotermiese reaksies verander potensile energie in termiese energie.

A

True

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22
Q

True or False: Endotermiese reaksies verander termiese energie in chemiese potensiële energie.

A

True

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23
Q

What is aktiveringsenergie?

A

Die minimum energie benodig om ‘n chemiese reaksie te begin.

24
Q

Define geaktiveerde kompleks.

A

‘n Hoë-energie, onstabiele, tydelike organgstoestand tussen die reaktante en die produkte.

25
Q

What does reaksietempo measure?

A

Die verandering in aantal of konsentrasie per eenheid tyd van ‘n reaktant of produk.

26
Q

What is ‘n katalisator?

A

‘n Stof wat die tempo van die reaksie verhoog, maar onveranderd bly.

27
Q

Define ‘n geslote sisteem in chemie.

A

Een waarin massa binne ‘n sisteem behou word, maar energie vrylik kan binnegaan of verlaat.

28
Q

What characterizes ‘n oop sisteem in chemie?

A

Energie en materie kan tussen die sisteem en sy omgewing uitgeruil word.

29
Q

What does Le Châtelier’s principle state?

A

When an external stress (change in pressure, temperature, or concentration) is applied to a system in dynamic chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium point will shift to counteract the stress.

30
Q

According to the Lowry-Bronsted model, how is an acid defined?

A

An acid is defined as a proton donor.

31
Q

According to the Lowry-Bronsted model, how is a base defined?

A

A base is defined as a proton acceptor.

32
Q

What is ionization?

A

The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions.

33
Q

Define a strong acid.

A

An acid that almost completely ionizes in an aqueous solution.

34
Q

Define a weak acid.

A

An acid that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution.

35
Q

What are polyprotic acids?

A

Acids that can donate more than one proton.

36
Q

What is dissociation?

A

The splitting of an ionic compound into its ions.

37
Q

Define a strong base.

A

A base that almost completely dissociates in an aqueous solution.

38
Q

Define a weak base.

A

A base that only partially dissociates/ionizes in an aqueous solution.

39
Q

What is an amphoteric substance?

A

A substance that can act as either an acid or a base.

40
Q

What is neutralization?

A

A chemical reaction where an acid and a base react to form a solution with no excess of either.

41
Q

What is the equivalence point in a titration?

A

The point where no reactant is in excess.

42
Q

What is the endpoint in a titration?

A

The point where the indicator changes color.

43
Q

What is a salt?

A

A substance in which the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a cation.

44
Q

What is hydrolysis of a salt?

A

A reaction of an ion (from a salt) with water.

45
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

A solution with a known concentration.

46
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons.

47
Q

Define oxidation.

A

The loss of electrons.

48
Q

Define reduction.

A

The gain of electrons.

49
Q

What is an oxidizing agent?

A

A substance that receives electrons.

50
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

A substance that donates electrons.

51
Q

Where does oxidation occur in an electrochemical cell?

A

At the anode.

52
Q

Where does reduction occur in an electrochemical cell?

A

At the cathode.

53
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A substance that can conduct electricity due to the presence of free (mobile) ions when melted or dissolved in solution.

54
Q

What is a galvanic cell?

A

An electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of spontaneous redox reactions into electrical energy.

55
Q

What is an electrolytic cell?

A

An electrochemical cell that uses electrical energy to cause a non-spontaneous redox reaction.

Ieb (3 decks)

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