ieb definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

A

every particle with mass in the universe attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres

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2
Q

Lenz’s Law

A

the induced current flows in a direction so as to set up a magnetic field to oppose the change in magnetic flux

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3
Q

Work-Energy Theorem

A

work done by a net force on an object is equal to the change in the kinetic energy of the object

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4
Q

Work

A

the product of the displacement and the component of the force parallel to the displacement

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5
Q

Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction

A

the emf induced is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux

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6
Q

emf

A

total energy supplied per coulomb of charge by the cell

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7
Q

Magnetic Flux Linkage

A

the product of the number of turns on the coil and the flux through the coil

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8
Q

Work Function

A

the minimum amount of energy needed to emit an electron from the surface of a metal

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9
Q

Impulse (J)

A

the product of the net force and the contact time

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10
Q

Efficiency

A

the ratio of output power to input power

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11
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

the total energy in a system cannot be created nor destroyed; only transformed from one form to another

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12
Q

Inertia

A

the property of an object that causes it to resist change in its state of rest or uniform motion

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13
Q

Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum

A

the total linear momentum of an isolated system is conserved

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14
Q

Elastic Collision

A

a collision in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved

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15
Q

Inelastic Collision

A

a collision in which only momentum is conserved

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16
Q

Photoelectric Effect

A

the process that occurs when light shines on a metal and electrons are ejected

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17
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

when a net force (Fnet) is applied to an object of mass (m), it accelerates in the direction of the net force.
the acceleration (a) is directly proportional to Fnet and inversely proportional to m

18
Q

Coulomb’s Law

A

two point charges in free space or air exert forces on each other.
the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely to the square of the distance between charges

19
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor at constant temperature

20
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

the energy an object has as a result of the object’s motion

21
Q

Resistance

A

a material’s opposition to the flow of electric current

22
Q

Resultant Vector

A

the single vector which has the same effect as the original vectors acting together

23
Q

Scalar

A

physical quantity that has magnitude only

24
Q

Current

A

rate of flow of charge

25
Vector
physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction
26
Normal Force
perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it
27
Newton’s Third Law
when object A exerts a force on object B, object B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A
28
Weight (Fg)
the gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its surface
29
Mechanical Energy
the sum of gravitational potential and kinetic energy at a point
30
Power
the rate at which work is done OR the rate at which energy is transferred
31
Gravitational Potential Energy
the energy that an object possesses due to its position relative to a reference point
32
Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy
in the absence of air resistance or any external forces, the mechanical energy of an object is constant
33
Diode
a component that only allows current to flow in one direction
34
Frictional Force (Ff)
the force that opposes the motion of an object
35
Threshold Frequency
the minimum frequency of incident radiation at which electrons will be emitted from a particular metal
36
Potential Difference
work done per unit positive charge
37
Newton’s First Law
an object continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless it is acted upon by a net or resultant force
38
Electric Field
a region of space in which an electric charge experiences a force. direction of the electric field at a point is the direction a positive test charge would flow at that point
39
Gravitational Field
the force acting per unit mass
40
Magnitude of Electric Field
the force per unit positive charge
41
Newton’s Second Law in Terms of Momentum
the net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum