ieb definitions Flashcards
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
every particle with mass in the universe attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres
Lenz’s Law
the induced current flows in a direction so as to set up a magnetic field to oppose the change in magnetic flux
Work-Energy Theorem
work done by a net force on an object is equal to the change in the kinetic energy of the object
Work
the product of the displacement and the component of the force parallel to the displacement
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
the emf induced is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux
emf
total energy supplied per coulomb of charge by the cell
Magnetic Flux Linkage
the product of the number of turns on the coil and the flux through the coil
Work Function
the minimum amount of energy needed to emit an electron from the surface of a metal
Impulse (J)
the product of the net force and the contact time
Efficiency
the ratio of output power to input power
Law of Conservation of Energy
the total energy in a system cannot be created nor destroyed; only transformed from one form to another
Inertia
the property of an object that causes it to resist change in its state of rest or uniform motion
Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum
the total linear momentum of an isolated system is conserved
Elastic Collision
a collision in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
Inelastic Collision
a collision in which only momentum is conserved
Photoelectric Effect
the process that occurs when light shines on a metal and electrons are ejected
Newton’s Second Law
when a net force (Fnet) is applied to an object of mass (m), it accelerates in the direction of the net force.
the acceleration (a) is directly proportional to Fnet and inversely proportional to m
Coulomb’s Law
two point charges in free space or air exert forces on each other.
the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely to the square of the distance between charges
Ohm’s Law
current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor at constant temperature
Kinetic Energy
the energy an object has as a result of the object’s motion
Resistance
a material’s opposition to the flow of electric current
Resultant Vector
the single vector which has the same effect as the original vectors acting together
Scalar
physical quantity that has magnitude only
Current
rate of flow of charge
Vector
physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction
Normal Force
perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it
Newton’s Third Law
when object A exerts a force on object B, object B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A
Weight (Fg)
the gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its surface
Mechanical Energy
the sum of gravitational potential and kinetic energy at a point
Power
the rate at which work is done
OR
the rate at which energy is transferred
Gravitational Potential Energy
the energy that an object possesses due to its position relative to a reference point
Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy
in the absence of air resistance or any external forces, the mechanical energy of an object is constant
Diode
a component that only allows current to flow in one direction
Frictional Force (Ff)
the force that opposes the motion of an object
Threshold Frequency
the minimum frequency of incident radiation at which electrons will be emitted from a particular metal
Potential Difference
work done per unit positive charge
Newton’s First Law
an object continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless it is acted upon by a net or resultant force
Electric Field
a region of space in which an electric charge experiences a force.
direction of the electric field at a point is the direction a positive test charge would flow at that point
Gravitational Field
the force acting per unit mass
Magnitude of Electric Field
the force per unit positive charge
Newton’s Second Law in Terms of Momentum
the net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum
