ieb chem definitions Flashcards
ionisation
the reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions
oxidising agent
a substance that accepts electrons
(is reduced)
reducing agent
a substance that donates electrons
(is oxidised)
salt
a substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation
heat of reaction
the net change of chemical potential energy of a system
ampholyte
amphoretic
amphiprotic
a substance that can act as either an acid or a base
base
proton acceptor
reaction rate
the change in concentration per unit time of either a reactant or a product
dissociation
the splitting of an ionic compound into its ions
redox reaction
a reaction involving the transfer of electrons
exothermic reaction
reactions which transform chemical potential energy into thermal energy (🔺H < 0)
catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of the reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
activated complex
a high energy, unstable, temporary transition state between the reactants and the products
endothermic reaction
reactions which transform thermal energy into chemical potential energy (🔺H > 0)
le châtelier’s principle
when an external stress (change in pressure, temperature, or concentration) is applied to a system in dynamic chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium point changes so as to counteract the stress
oxidation
loss of electrons
reduction
gain of electrons
molar mass
the mass (in grams) of one mole of that substance
anode
the electrode where oxidation takes place
neutralisation/ equivalence point
the point where an acid and a base have reacted so that neither is in excess
standard solution
a solution of known concentration
weak base
a base that only dissociates partially in an aqueous solution
strong base
a base that dissociates almost completely in an aqueous solution
weak acid
an acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution
