Idustrial Revolution Flashcards
How did the factory system impact the textile industry?
It allowed lots of spinning jennys to be made
What was the spinning jenny and how did it work?
A multi-spindle spinning frame, which spun yarn. It used electricity to spin cotton
What is the Industrial Revolution (IR)
The transition to new manufacturing processes between 1760-1840. It was started in England
What was the average life expectancy before the IR?
25-35
What percent of the world was engaged in farming pre-IR?
80%
How was it a chain reaction?
Every industry(manufacturing, textiles, mining etc) relied on and enhanced each other. The mining industry allowed easy and cheap electricity, which allowed the factory business to grow, which made more spinning jennys, which allowed the textiles business to grow
Why did it start in Europe?
They had cultural superiority, science and a small population
Why didn’t India or China have the IR first, since it was at the same point in manufacturing as Europe?
Europeans had coal and high wages. China had no coal, and India was in such a good position with textiles that it didn’t need it
Why were steam engines invented?
To transport coal
What are the main inventions if the IR?
The steam engine, railroads, flying shuttle and cotton jenny
What was good about coal?
It was really cheap, and it could replace wood for heating, etc
Between 1700-1750 how much did coal production increase?
50%, and by 1800 it had increased another 100%
What is coke, and what does Darby?
A processed form of coal, used to make iron. Darby was the first to use it
What was coals two main uses?
For furnaces and iron
When was the first steam train invented?
1801
When did the steam engine first become mass produced?
1788
What were the two main inventions that industrialised the textiles industry?
The power loom and spinning jenny
When was the first factory created?
1769
Why was child labour used?
They were used for their size and didn’t have to be paid much
What is the Declaration of Rights of Man?
It was a system of rights that a white man was entitled to
What is imperialism?
A system where the wealthy European powers of Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France and Britain established colonies in Asia, Africa and the Pacific
Why were there so many crimes committed during the IR?
The hardship of life often meant that people had to steal to luve
Where were convicts first transported?
America, then Australia
What are free settlers?
People who travelled to new lands looking for better lives, people who voluntarily emigrated
