IDs Flashcards
Woodrow Wilson
Who: 28th President
What: US president during WW1 When: 1913-1921
Where: Washington
Why: led the US during WW1, proposed the 14 points, arbitration was his foreign policy and he believed in Global Self-Determinism
LaFayette Escadrille
Who: French Air-force What: American pilots When:1914-1918 Where :France Why: American pilots who volunteered to join the French air force and helped fight the Germans
RMS Lusitana
Who: English Passenger Ship What: Sunk by German U-Boats When:1915 Where: Atlantic (Coast of Uk Why: angered the Americans over the lost of 128 Americans lives on board the ship
Peace Party
Who: Jane Addams What: reformer party When:1915( early 1900s) Where: New York Why: fought for women's right to vote advocated peace not war
Sussex Pledge
Who: US and Germany
What: agreement to end submarine warfare on un-armed ships
When: 1916
Where: Atlantic
Why: Germany promises to end all UBoat attacks provided US guarantees adherence to international law
Zimmerman Note
Who: Germany's Foreign Secretary What: Telegram to Mexico When:1917 Where: Germany,Mexico, and US Why: Intersected by the British this telegram led to president Wilson asking congress for a declaration of war against Germany
Great Migration
Who: African Americans
What: About 500,000 blacks migrated from the rural South to the urban North
When: 1915-1920
Where: south/ north US
Why: gave African Americans new employment opportunities and access to public education
369/93 ID
Who: African American Soldiers What: 369 regiment of the 93rd division When: 1917-1918 Where: France Why: served in combat for 191 days and hailed as Heroes in France after WW1. Proved to be good fighters
Fourteen Points
Who: President Wilson What: peace plan for WW1 When: 1918 Where: Washington, DC Why: president Wilson's plan to end WW1. His 14th point was the only one used in the treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
Who: Big four and Germany What: treaty ending WW1 When: 1919 Where: France Why: while it officially ended WW1 it planted the seeds for WW2
Pan-Africanism
Who: Marcus Garvey
What: idea to help Africa improve socially and economically
When: Early 1900s
Where: Africa and Europe
Why: planted the seeds for separatism in the US
Henry Ford
Who: Business man What: Assembly Line When: Early1900s Where: Detroit Why: made car production faster and made cars more affordable
J.P. Kennedy
Who: Business man
What: started the Kennedy dynasty When: Early 1900s
Where: New York
Why: made fortune in banking, bootlegging, stock speculation and Hollywood
Stock Speculation
Who: Wall Street What: manipulation of the stock market When: Early 1900s Where: New York Why: led to Black Tuesday(worst crash in the history of the stock market) marking the beginning of the Great Depression
Flappers
Who: Women of the 1920s What: new fad When: 1920s Where: Urban US Why: new fad in which women became more liberal as to their personal appearance and life style. (Smoking, drinking, short hair, and skirts)
Celebrities of the 20s
Who: Charles Lindbergh, Charlie Chaplin, and Gloria Swanson
What: people who excelled in the 1920s
When: 1920s
Where: Mostly Hollywood and New York
Why: became idols first celebrities instead of politicians
“Lost Generation”
Who: young people of the 20s What: disillusionment with the youth When: 1920s Where: Urban US Why: led authors to write about the disillusionment with increasing shallowness of Americas younger generations
Harlem Renaissance
Who: African Americans What: emerges of black culture When: 1920s Where: Harlem, NY Why: Harlem emerges as a symbol of black urban culture and is embraced by white scooter for the 1st time
National Origins Act
Who: congress What: immigration quotas When: 1924 Where: Washington Why: froze ethnic diversity by limiting the number of immigrants allowed into US
Teapot Dome
Who: President Harding What: scandal When: 1923-1924 Where: Wy Why: his interior secretary was allowing a private company to steal oil from a federal reserve
Nine-Powers Treaty
Who: Senate What: agreement passed by US senate When: 1922 Where: Washington, DC Why: recognized China's independence
Kellogg-Braind Pact
Who: US, Germany, Japan, France, and GB What: peace or anti-war agreement When: 1928 Where: Washington DC Why: Renounced war as a mean to settle disputes ( all five were major protagonist of WW2)
Dawes Plan
Who: Germany and US What: Loan $2.5 million to Germany When: 1924 Where: Washington, DC Why: bailed Germany out
“Black Tuesday”
Who: Wall Street What: Stock Market Crashed When: October 29,1929 Where: New York Why: worst one day crashed in the history of the stock market. It is seen as the beginning of the Great Depression
Herbert Hoover
Who: 31st President
What: President during the beginning of the Great Depression
When: 1929-1933
Where: Washington, DC
Why: blamed for the Great Depression and not doing enough to stop it; also responsible for the Bonus Army incident
“Trickle-Down Economics”
Who: president Hoover What:economic theory When: 1932-1933 Where: Washington DC Why: the idea of giving tax breaks to the wealthy in order for them to invest the extra money and crate more jobs. Did not work because it wasn't given enough time
Hawley-Smoot Traiff
Who: Congress What: high tax of imports When: 1930 Where: Washington, DC Why: the hope was of making imports more expensive, Americans would buy national products and help the economy. The problem was that people didn't have money to buy anything
Bonus Army
Who: WW1 Veterans (and families) What: 1st march on Washington DC When: 1932 Where: Washington, DC Why: Public over the death of 100 adults and 2 infants by the hand of the army secured Hoovers loss in the presidential election of 1932
Scopes Monkey Trial
Who: Bryan vs Darrow What: creationism vs. evolution When: 1925 Where: Tennessee Why: 1st challenge of religion in schools. Clash between modernism and traditionalism
New Deal
Who: FDR What: Campaign Slogan When: 1932-1933 Where: Washington, DC Why: became FDR's name of his various programs to help the economy during the depression
Franklin Roosevelt
Who: 32nd US President
What: US President during most of the Great Depression
When: 1933-1945
Where: Washington, DC
Why: Only US President to have been elected 4 times serving 3 full terms. Kept the US economy afloat
Eleanor Roosevelt
Who: First Lady What: 1st political active 1st lady When:1933-1945 Where: Washington, DC Why: FDR's most valuable political asset
First Hundred Days
Who: FDR
What: Programs to slow down the Great Depression
When: 1933
Where: Washington, DC
Why: the focus was on recovery, relief and reform
Keynesian Economics
Who: John M. Keynes
What: government intervention in the market
When: 1933-1941
Where: Washington, DC
Why: believed in the need for deficit spending to jump-start the economy
Frances Perkins
Who: politician What: secretary of labor When: 1933 Where: Washington, DC Why: first women appointed to an executive cabinet position
Black Cabinet
Who: Mary McLeod Bethune
What: advised the president about the African American issues and struggles during the depression
When:1933
Where: Washington, DC
Why: 1st African American federal appointee since 1797
Alphabet Soup Programs(i.e. AAA; CCC; WPA; TVA; etc.)
Who: congress
What: program to help the Tennessee valley,
When:1933
Where: Washington, DC
Why: was able to provide Tennessee with electricity
Huey Long
Who: senator What: opposed FDR When: 1935- Where: Washington, DC Why: liberal opposition to FDR's policies
“Second Hundred Days”
Who:FDR What: FDR's plan during the GD When: 1937 Where:Washington, DC Why: second plan that focus more in people than in individual industries
Popular Movies of the 1930s
Who: Frankenstein, Marx brothers, gone with the wind, Shirley temple, and wizard of oz What: golden age of Hollywood When: 1930s Where: Hollywood Why: relief for people during hard times
Superman
Who: action comics What: the birth of the superhero When: 1938 Where: New York Why: represents the idea that society needs protecting because the system had failed
Orson Welles
Who: radio broadcaster What: broadcast of war of the worlds When: 1938 Where: New York Why: scared Americans when they believed aliens were landing in New Jersey.. Showed the power of the radio
Neutrality Acts 1935
Who: Congress
What: proclamation of neutrality( staying out of the war)
When: 1935
Where: Washington, DC
Why: calls for isolationist ideals of the nation. Supported by political notables(ford, Lindbergh, coughlin)
Neutrality Act of 1939
Who: Congress What: allows aid to allies When: 1939 Where: Washington. DC Why: allows the US to aid allies through "Cash and Carry" policy where allies would need to get supplies but needed to pay cash and carry them themselves
Neutrality Act of 1939
Who: Congress What: allows aid to allies When: 1939 Where: Washington. DC Why: allows the US to aid allies through "Cash and Carry" policy where allies would need to get supplies but needed to pay cash.
Jesse Owens
Who: Track and field athlete What: 4 gold medals in track and field When: 1936 Where: Berlin,Germany Why: 'Master Race' humiliated in world stage
“Cash and Carry”
Who: FDR What: policy to aid the allies When: 1939 Where: Washington, DC Why: it allowed the US to aid the allies if they could pay cash and carry goods being sold to them
Double V Campaign
Who: FDR and A. Phillip Randolph
What: victory abroad against fascism and Victory at home against racism.
When: 1940
Where: Washington, DC
Why: civil rights march on DC was cancelled to show a unified front to America
Lend-Lease Act
Who: FDR and Churchill
What: agreement to allow the US to aid Great Britain during WW2
When: 1941
Where: Washington, DC
Why: the us will lend weapons, mostly destroyers (ships) to Great Britain and in return, Great Britain will allow the US to build military bases in British colonies rent-free for 99 years
Captain America
Who: Jewish- Americans What: origins of American superhero When: 1940 Where: New York Why: early example of Pro-war sentiment and propaganda
Pearl Harbor
Who: Americans and Japanese What: surprise attack by Japanese on military base.
When: December 7,1941
Where: Hawaii
Why: the surprise attack involved the US IN WORLD WAR 2 and marked the end of the Great Depression
Dorie Miller
Who: Navy Cook, third class
What: shot down Japanese plan during the attack of Pearl Harbor
When: 1941
Where: Pearl Harbor
Why: awarded the navy cross for Pearl Harbor and had a shop named after him(USS MILLER). Again, proved the value of African American soldiers
Douglas MacArthur
Who: US General
What: commander of US troops in the pacific against the Japanese When: 1941-1945
Where: pacific
Why: 1st commander to see action in WW2 in the pacific, excellent leader and feared by the Japanese
Executive Order 9066
Who: FDR
What: most controversial order by a US president
When: 1942
Where: Washington, DC
Why: establish interment camps for Japanese-Americans( nissei)
Or Japanese immigrants (issei); they were seen as Japanese spies.
Doolittle’s Raid
Who: MG James Doolittle What: air raids on Tokyo,Japan When: 1942 Where: Tokyo,Japan Why: proved how far Americans were wiling to go to win the war
Tuskegee Airmen
Who: 332nd Air Group What: african-american pilots When: 1942 Where: Tuskegee Alabama Why: only group not to have a bomber shot down during WW2. Among the first educated African Americans and proved the value of African Americans in the military
Rosie the Riveter
Who: women during WW2 What: a cultural symbol When: 1941-1945 Where: urban/ industrial US Why: represented the women who worked in factories during WW2. Many of who produced war supplies. They were riveters, welder and machinists
Executive Order 8802
Who: US president FDR What: anti- discrimination law When: 1942 Where: Washington, DC Why: it allowed continuity in the work force, by warning companies not to discriminated against African Americans or they could lost their government contract
SHAEF
Who: United States and Great Britain
What: US and Great Britain combined forces
When: 1943
Where: Casa Blanca, Morocco
Why: under the command of DD
EISENHOWER, joined forces eventually defeated the Germans in North Africa, allowing for an invasion of Italy.
George S. Patton
Who: US general What: When: 1943 Where: Europe Why:
Tehran Conference
Who: Big Three What: When: 1944 Where: Iran Why:
D-Day
Who: US and Ally troops What: When: 1944 Where: Why:
G.I. Bill
Who: Congress What: Serviceman's readjustment act When: 1944 Where: Washington, DC Why:helped with the growth of the middle class in the baby boom generation in the 1950s
Bretton Woods Accords
Who: 45 Governments What: plan to help countries after WW2 When: 1944 Where: NH, USA Why: agreement to rebuild the world economy after WW2. Established the world bank, GATT, and IMF
Yalta Conference
Who: FDR, Stalin, and Churchill What: post WW2 agreement When: 1945 Where: Yalta, Ukraine Why: the big three agreed on division of the world after WW2. USSR agreed to help the pacific 90 days after Nazi surrender and established the untied nations
Harry Truman
Who: 33rd President of the US
What: Led the US at the end of the WW2 after FDR’s death
When: 1945
Where: Washington, DC
Why: most controversial decision by a US president when he chose to use atomic bomb over Japan instead of invasion
Los Alamos
Who: President Truman What: 1st Atomic Detonation When: 1945 Where: Los Alamos, NM Why: led to surrender of Japan, prevented the involvement of USSR in the pacific and led to atomic era
Hiroshima
Who: President Truman What: 2nd Atomic Detonation When: 1945 Where: Hiroshima Why: led to surrender of Japan, prevented the involvement of USSR in the pacific and led to atomic era
Nagasaki
Who: President Truman What: 3rd Atomic Detonation When: 1945 Where: Nagasaki Why: led to surrender of Japan, prevented the involvement of USSR in the pacific and led to atomic era
