History Exam 3 Flashcards
George Keenan
Who: U.S. Diplomat in the USSR What: Proposed the "Containment Theory" When: 1946 Where: Moscow and Washington DC Why: wrote the "Long Telegram" informing the US about the USSRs plan to spread communism throughout the world
UN Security Council
Who: 15 world governments What: World police When: 1945 Where: New York; The Hague Why: ensures Anglo-Americans influence in world events. 5 permanents members and 10 rotating members with veto power
Truman Doctrine
Who: President Truman
What: Speech before Congress warning that the US should stop the spread of communism by all means necessary
When: 1947
Where: Washington, D.C.
Why: plan in order to stop the spread of communism. Turkey and Greece were the first to benefit from this policy.
Marshall Plan
Who: Secretary of State George Marshall
What: Gave needed money to Western European countries (mainly France and Italy) to help them rebuild after WW2
When: 1947
Where: Washington, D.C.
Why: plan to help stop the spread of communism in Western Europe. Countries receiving aide under this plan had to resist communism
“Cold War”
Who: Walter Lippmann
What: American Journalist who coined the term “Cold war” to identify tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union
When: 1948
Where: New York
Why: tensions between the US and the USSR. While Lippmann did not see the Soviet Union as a legitimate threat, the Cold War lasted decades
National Security Act
Who: Congress
What: laws passed by congress to fight the threat of communism at home
When: 1947
Where: Washington, D.C.
Why: in order to better fight communism, this act formed NSC, NSA, CIA, USAF
Berlin Airlifts
Who: Allies and Soviet Union
What: Flights over Soviet Union controlled east Germany to bring supplies to West Berlin
When: 1948
Where: Berlin
Why: 1st confrontation between former allies. With over 10,000 flights in
NATO
Who: 12 original allied nations
What: alliance to help stop the spread of communism
When: 1949
Where: Europe and North America Why: established after the Berlin airlift incident, created an alliance between free government to come to each other’s aide should one be attacked by a communist country
“To Secure These Rights…”
Who: Congress
What: Report by Committee on Civil Rights
When: 1947
Where: Washington, D.C.
Why: civil rights report requested by president Truman in order to identify the struggles of African Americans in the south. Led to the integration of the military in 1947
Harry S. Truman
Who: 33rd US President
What: proposed the Truman doctrine and led the US in the Berlin Airlift
When: 1945-1953
Where: Washington DC
Why: won re election in 1948 after given little or no chance to win. Led the United States at the end of the WW2 and beginning of the Cold War
Dixiecrats
Who: southern democrats What: old conservatives hard liners When: 1948 Where: southern states Why: while they split from the democratic party and did not support Truman, they were not able to influence the outcome of the election as Truman won re election and upset the Dewey favorites
Second Red Scare
Who: US government
What: fear the communist would take over the country
When: 1950s
Where: Washington, D.C. and Urban US
Why: led to many unproven accusations of people being communist sympathizers and of innocent lives being destroyed
Niger Mars/ Pumpkin papers
Who: career diplomat What: accused of being a communist When: 1950 Where: Washington, D.C. Why: proved that there were communist spies in the United States. Hiss was found not guilty of being a communist spy. Hiss was however found guilty of perjury
McCarthyism
Who: senator Joe McCarthy
What: said to have a list of government officials who were communist sympathizers
When: 1950
Where: Washington, D.C.
Why: increased the fear that the government had been infiltrated by communists. It turned neighbor
against neighbor and destroyed lives. He lost credibility when he challenged the army and was censure by the senate in 1954
Korean War
Who: China, North Korea, and UN What: police action approved by the UN When: 1950-1953 Where: Korean Peninsula Why: first military involvement by the US and it's allies to stop communist aggression when communist North Korea invaded democratic South Korea
“Conformity”
Who: society What: fitting into society When: 1950s Where: urban US Why: the need to conform to society in order not to be singled out.
The Kinsey Reports
Who: zoologist
What: reports on sexual patterns of American society
When: 1947-1958
Where: New York
Why: proved that America was not as conservative
Attack on Comic Books in the 50s
Who: What: When: 1950s Where: New York Why:
Elvis
Who: rock n roll artist What: When: 1956 Where: New York Why:
Television in the 50s
Who: What: When: 1950s Where: New York Why:
Walt Disney
Who: What: When: 1955 Where: Why:
Movies in the 50s
Who: What: When: 1950s Where: Hollywood Why:
UFO Scare of the 40s and 50s
Who: What: When: 1947-1969 Where: Roswell, New Mexico Why:
Interstate Highway Act of 1956
Who: What: When: 1956 Where: Why:
“Dynamic Conversation”
Who: What: When: 1952 Where: Washington, D.C. Why:
Dwight Eisenhower
Who: 34th president of the US What: Advocate of civil rights When: 1953-1961 Where: Washington, D.C. Why: supported civil rights for African Americans in the Jim Crow south
Richard Nixon
Who: Eisenhower’s Vice President What: chosen as Ike’s running mate to appease hard liners
When: 1957-1961
Where: Washington, D.C.
Why: