Idk at this point Flashcards
Phylogeny
the evolutionary history and relationships among different species or groups of organisms.
Systematics
It involves classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary connections. Systematics combines taxonomy (the naming and classification of organisms) and phylogenetics (the study of evolutionary relationships) to create a comprehensive understanding of the natural world.
taxonomy
science of naming, defining, and classifying organisms into groups based on shared characteristics
binomial
which is the formal system of naming species. This system uses two names to uniquely identify each species: the genus name and the species name.
Allopatric speciation
The evolution of geographically isolated populations into distinct species. There is no gene flow, which keeps population similar.
Parapatric speciation
populations of a species are partially isolated, meaning they are adjacent but not completely separated geographically. In this scenario, the populations are still able to interbreed to some extent, but they experience different environmental conditions or selective pressures in their respective habitats.
Sympatric speciation
no geographic constraint to interbreeding. Speciation occurs without geographic separation.
polyploidy
refers to instant speciation which occurs most often in plants. This is when organisms have more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. This can occur due to abnormal cell division
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction is an error in cell division, specifically during meiosis or mitosis, where chromosomes fail to separate properly.
autopolyploid
the occurrence in which the number of chromosomes double in the offspring due to total non-disjunction during meiosis.
Total non-disjunction
All chromosomes do not separate properly
Allopolyploidy
Polyploids with chromosomes derived from different species.
Gradualism
Most speciation is slow, uniform, and gradual
Anagenesis
Whole species evolve
Cladogenesis
Where a population splits up and evolve and the population spits into two and then they experience different selective pressures.
Punctuated Equilibrium
Occurs after some crisis in the environment and then accompanied by a reduction in population size. Natural selection occurs and population evolves and then it may stay static (NO CHANGE) for long periods of time once again.
