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CONTEMP > IDEOLOGIES > Flashcards

IDEOLOGIES Flashcards

1
Q

is
a consistent
pattern of
opinion on
particular issues
that stems from
a core belief or
set of beliefs

A

Ideology

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2
Q

who used ideology to
refer to a new science of
ideas

A

Count Antoine Destutt
de Tracy

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3
Q

a plan to improve society

A

ideology

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4
Q

People who favor giving the government a bigger role
in the area of economic security

A

Economic/Fiscal Liberals

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5
Q

People who oppose giving the government a bigger
role in the area of economic security

A

Economic/Fiscal
Conservatives

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6
Q

People who favor giving the government a bigger role
in the area of social lives

A

Social Conservatives.

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7
Q

people who oppose giving the government a bigger role
in the area of social lives

A

are Social Liberals

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8
Q

began in 1776 with the publication
of the book The Wealth of
Nations

A

Classical Liberalism

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9
Q

Who is the author of the book The Wealth of
Nations

A

Adam Smith

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10
Q

central thesis of The Wealth
of Nations is that capital is best
employed for the production and
distribution of wealth under
conditions of governmental
non-interference, or laissez-faire,
and free trade

A

Classical Liberalism

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11
Q

consequent rise in the
general standard of living
attained,
* only through the efficient
operations of private
industrial and commercial
entrepreneurs acting
* with a minimum of
regulation and control by
governments

A

Classical Liberalism

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12
Q

Who proclaimed the principle of the invisible hand?

A

Smith

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13
Q

T/F: In the Classical Liberalism any interference with free competition by
government is almost certain to be injurious.

A

T

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14
Q

Who refuted mercantilism?

A

Smith

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15
Q

What certain definition of Mercantilism does Smith say ?

A

amount of bullion

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16
Q

the government
supervised the economy with plans,
grants monopolies, subsidies, tariffs,
and other restraints on trade

A

Mercantilism

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17
Q

Liberalism came from the Latin word Liber which means

A

free

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18
Q

the market will regulate the
economy

A

liberalism

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19
Q

efficient
producers will prosper and the
inefficient will die

A

liberalism

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20
Q

the public will get the best
products for the lowest prices

A

liberalism

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21
Q

Prices will be determined
by supply and demand
and the economy will be
regulated by the
“invisible hand”

A

liberalism

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22
Q

invisible hand or?

A

desire for profit

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23
Q

On the Liberalism view, who said that
government is best that
governs less,

A

Thomas Jefferson

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24
Q

Liberalism has split into two ideologies namely:

A

Modern conservatism and modern liberalism

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25
Q

was a reaction to the
defects of the laissez-faire system

A

Modern Liberalism

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26
Q

it proposes that the government should step
into the marketplace to guarantee a level
playing field for everyone

A

Modern Liberalism

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27
Q

What system does produce an underclass or poor

A

laissez-faire system

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28
Q

argued that while
liberalism tries to achieve a free
society, economic developments
take away that freedom

A

T.H. Green

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29
Q

proposes that the
best practices and institutions in history
should be conserved and change should
be gradual

A

Classic conservatism

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30
Q

argued that people are
only partly rational, because they also
have widely irrational passions

A

Edmund Burke

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31
Q

What ideology states that society needs traditions,
institutions and standards of morality in
order to contain the irrational passions of
man

A

Classic Conservatism

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32
Q

Treatise of Thomas Hobbes that argued that man’s natural state was war

A

Leviathan

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33
Q

life without government was a

A

“state of
nature

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34
Q

Who said that Governments, particularly a monarchy, was
necessary to restrain man’s bestial tendencies

A

Thomas Hobbes

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35
Q

argued
men must give up to government certain
rights

A

Hobbes

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36
Q

is the ideology that
continues its allegiance to Adam Smith’s original
doctrine of minimal government

A

Modern conservatism

37
Q

argued that
Smith was right and that the free market is still
the best environment

A

Milton Friedman

38
Q

It also looks up to the government in upholding
conservative values

A

conservatism

39
Q

Advocates of conservatism

A

US President Ronald
Reagan and British PM Margaret Thatcher

40
Q

can be defined
as an ideology that rejects individualism,
private ownership, and private profits in
favor of a system based on economic
collectivism, governmental, societal or
industrial group ownership of the means
of production and distribution of goods
and social responsibility

A

Socialism/Communism

41
Q

Father of modern socialism

A

François-Noel Babeuf

42
Q

advocated economic equality and
common ownership of land

A

François-Noel Babeuf

43
Q

Utopian Socialist are for

A

labor union

44
Q

Utopian Socialist are

A

de Rouvroy
Saint-Simonde
Fourier

45
Q

was active in
worker uprisings in 1848

A

Loius Blanc

46
Q

advocated a more down-to-earth form of
socialism, including the establishment of
worker-controlled councils and workshops

A

Blanc

47
Q

left-wing
ideologies of the 20th century

A

from
revolutionary communism to democratic
socialism

48
Q

Socialism/Communism is sometimes
labeled

A

Marxism

49
Q

Founder of Marxism

A

Karl Marx

50
Q

Associate of Marx

A

Friedrich Engels

51
Q

Who broke with the more benign
utopian socialists, asserting that a
radical transformation of society could
only be attained by open class conflict

A

Marx and Engel

52
Q

Where did the bold assertion “All
history is the history of class struggle

A

Communist Manifesto

53
Q

In history, change and progress are produced
by a constant clash of conflicting economic
forces—or, to use the term borrowed from
German philosopher Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831), by a process
Marxists call ______

A

dialectic materialism.

54
Q

Main feature of modern
industrial capitalism

A

streamlining of society into
two antagonistic classes

55
Q

the antagonistic class that have own means of production

A

Capitalists

56
Q

who have no
choice but to work long hours
for subsistence wages

A

proletariat

57
Q

the founder of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union and
the foremost leader of the
Russian Revolution of 1917

A

Vladimir Lenin

58
Q

He said that violent mass action is necessary
to bring about radical change

A

V. Lenin

59
Q

argued that parliamentary
democracy and “bourgeois legality”
were mere superstructures designed
to mask the underlying reality of
capitalist exploitation

A

Lenin

60
Q

social democracy held sway in countries located in this region

A

western Europe

61
Q

as an ideology was articulated in the book
The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism

A

Social democracy

62
Q

author of in the book
The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism

A

Eduard Bernstein

63
Q

He concluded that Marx has been wrong about the necessity for
collapse of the system and revolution

A

Eduard bernstein

64
Q

He was criticised as a revisionist
for revising Marxism in this way

A

bernstein

65
Q

No longer advocate
nationalization of industries but
the use of welfare measures to
improve living conditions

A

bernstein

66
Q

is the process
of transforming private assets
into public assets by bringing
them under the public ownership
of a national government or
state

A

nationalization

67
Q

Social democracies are what states?

A

welfare states

68
Q

have to impose high
taxes in order to pay for welfare measures

A

welfare states

69
Q

an ideology that stresses belief in the ability of
men and women to establish functioning communities without
the need for the apparatus of state

A

anarchism

70
Q

It advocates the destruction of the existing society by
revolution for the birth of a new and better one

A

anarchism

71
Q

claim
that the state is a parasite and an
enemy of the people

A

Bakunin

72
Q

encouraged the abolition of
private property and the exposition
of fraud in the guise of religion

A

bakunin

73
Q

They glorify revolution as the only
way to effect change

A

bakunin and kropotkin

74
Q

This is a kind
of anarchy where violence is a
necessity to uproot the old
system to counter resistance of
the ruling class

A

Classical Anarchy

75
Q

It is intensely
critical of social and political roles
of religion in deceiving the people

A

Classical Anarchy

76
Q

One’s
protest may be in the form of
radical pacifism

A

Anarcho-individualist

77
Q

This praises the role of trade unions,
advocates general strikes and prefers civil disobedience

A

Anarcho-syndicalist

78
Q

claimed that religion is the opium of the masses

A

karl marx

79
Q

Ideology that claimed that man is inherently evil and do need strong gov. intervention

A

classical conservatism

80
Q

is defined as
devotion to the interests or
glory of one’s own country

A

Nationalism

81
Q

It is weak on content as an ideology because it does not
take a definite ideological position on such issues as
unemployment, economic growth or mass poverty.

A

Nationalism

82
Q

extreme form of nationalism

A

fascism

83
Q

is a form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by
dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, as well as strongdictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, as well as strong
regimentation of society and of the economy.regimentation of society and of the economy

A

fascism

84
Q

who
favoured the retention
of the monarchy were
seated to the Speaker’s
right.

A

conservatives

85
Q

(who favoured
abolition) to the left

A

radicals

86
Q

means an ideology that
favors equality, welfare programs and
sometimes, government intervention
in the economy

A

lefy

87
Q

stresses individual initiative
and private economic activity

A

right

88
Q

is an ideology
that favours an activist
government as a means
of promoting economic
security as well as the
personal values of
people

A

populism

89
Q

is an
ideology that rejects the
view of the government
as an instrument of
traditional values and of
economic security

A

libertarianism

CONTEMP (4 decks)

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