IDEOLOGIES Flashcards
is
a consistent
pattern of
opinion on
particular issues
that stems from
a core belief or
set of beliefs
Ideology
who used ideology to
refer to a new science of
ideas
Count Antoine Destutt
de Tracy
a plan to improve society
ideology
People who favor giving the government a bigger role
in the area of economic security
Economic/Fiscal Liberals
People who oppose giving the government a bigger
role in the area of economic security
Economic/Fiscal
Conservatives
People who favor giving the government a bigger role
in the area of social lives
Social Conservatives.
people who oppose giving the government a bigger role
in the area of social lives
are Social Liberals
began in 1776 with the publication
of the book The Wealth of
Nations
Classical Liberalism
Who is the author of the book The Wealth of
Nations
Adam Smith
central thesis of The Wealth
of Nations is that capital is best
employed for the production and
distribution of wealth under
conditions of governmental
non-interference, or laissez-faire,
and free trade
Classical Liberalism
consequent rise in the
general standard of living
attained,
* only through the efficient
operations of private
industrial and commercial
entrepreneurs acting
* with a minimum of
regulation and control by
governments
Classical Liberalism
Who proclaimed the principle of the invisible hand?
Smith
T/F: In the Classical Liberalism any interference with free competition by
government is almost certain to be injurious.
T
Who refuted mercantilism?
Smith
What certain definition of Mercantilism does Smith say ?
amount of bullion
the government
supervised the economy with plans,
grants monopolies, subsidies, tariffs,
and other restraints on trade
Mercantilism
Liberalism came from the Latin word Liber which means
free
the market will regulate the
economy
liberalism
efficient
producers will prosper and the
inefficient will die
liberalism
the public will get the best
products for the lowest prices
liberalism
Prices will be determined
by supply and demand
and the economy will be
regulated by the
“invisible hand”
liberalism
invisible hand or?
desire for profit
On the Liberalism view, who said that
government is best that
governs less,
Thomas Jefferson
Liberalism has split into two ideologies namely:
Modern conservatism and modern liberalism
was a reaction to the
defects of the laissez-faire system
Modern Liberalism
it proposes that the government should step
into the marketplace to guarantee a level
playing field for everyone
Modern Liberalism
What system does produce an underclass or poor
laissez-faire system
argued that while
liberalism tries to achieve a free
society, economic developments
take away that freedom
T.H. Green
proposes that the
best practices and institutions in history
should be conserved and change should
be gradual
Classic conservatism
argued that people are
only partly rational, because they also
have widely irrational passions
Edmund Burke
What ideology states that society needs traditions,
institutions and standards of morality in
order to contain the irrational passions of
man
Classic Conservatism
Treatise of Thomas Hobbes that argued that man’s natural state was war
Leviathan
life without government was a
“state of
nature
Who said that Governments, particularly a monarchy, was
necessary to restrain man’s bestial tendencies
Thomas Hobbes
argued
men must give up to government certain
rights
Hobbes
is the ideology that
continues its allegiance to Adam Smith’s original
doctrine of minimal government
Modern conservatism
argued that
Smith was right and that the free market is still
the best environment
Milton Friedman
It also looks up to the government in upholding
conservative values
conservatism
Advocates of conservatism
US President Ronald
Reagan and British PM Margaret Thatcher
can be defined
as an ideology that rejects individualism,
private ownership, and private profits in
favor of a system based on economic
collectivism, governmental, societal or
industrial group ownership of the means
of production and distribution of goods
and social responsibility
Socialism/Communism
Father of modern socialism
François-Noel Babeuf
advocated economic equality and
common ownership of land
François-Noel Babeuf
Utopian Socialist are for
labor union
Utopian Socialist are
de Rouvroy
Saint-Simonde
Fourier
was active in
worker uprisings in 1848
Loius Blanc
advocated a more down-to-earth form of
socialism, including the establishment of
worker-controlled councils and workshops
Blanc
left-wing
ideologies of the 20th century
from
revolutionary communism to democratic
socialism
Socialism/Communism is sometimes
labeled
Marxism
Founder of Marxism
Karl Marx
Associate of Marx
Friedrich Engels
Who broke with the more benign
utopian socialists, asserting that a
radical transformation of society could
only be attained by open class conflict
Marx and Engel
Where did the bold assertion “All
history is the history of class struggle
Communist Manifesto
In history, change and progress are produced
by a constant clash of conflicting economic
forces—or, to use the term borrowed from
German philosopher Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831), by a process
Marxists call ______
dialectic materialism.
Main feature of modern
industrial capitalism
streamlining of society into
two antagonistic classes
the antagonistic class that have own means of production
Capitalists
who have no
choice but to work long hours
for subsistence wages
proletariat
the founder of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union and
the foremost leader of the
Russian Revolution of 1917
Vladimir Lenin
He said that violent mass action is necessary
to bring about radical change
V. Lenin
argued that parliamentary
democracy and “bourgeois legality”
were mere superstructures designed
to mask the underlying reality of
capitalist exploitation
Lenin
social democracy held sway in countries located in this region
western Europe
as an ideology was articulated in the book
The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism
Social democracy
author of in the book
The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism
Eduard Bernstein
He concluded that Marx has been wrong about the necessity for
collapse of the system and revolution
Eduard bernstein
He was criticised as a revisionist
for revising Marxism in this way
bernstein
No longer advocate
nationalization of industries but
the use of welfare measures to
improve living conditions
bernstein
is the process
of transforming private assets
into public assets by bringing
them under the public ownership
of a national government or
state
nationalization
Social democracies are what states?
welfare states
have to impose high
taxes in order to pay for welfare measures
welfare states
an ideology that stresses belief in the ability of
men and women to establish functioning communities without
the need for the apparatus of state
anarchism
It advocates the destruction of the existing society by
revolution for the birth of a new and better one
anarchism
claim
that the state is a parasite and an
enemy of the people
Bakunin
encouraged the abolition of
private property and the exposition
of fraud in the guise of religion
bakunin
They glorify revolution as the only
way to effect change
bakunin and kropotkin
This is a kind
of anarchy where violence is a
necessity to uproot the old
system to counter resistance of
the ruling class
Classical Anarchy
It is intensely
critical of social and political roles
of religion in deceiving the people
Classical Anarchy
One’s
protest may be in the form of
radical pacifism
Anarcho-individualist
This praises the role of trade unions,
advocates general strikes and prefers civil disobedience
Anarcho-syndicalist
claimed that religion is the opium of the masses
karl marx
Ideology that claimed that man is inherently evil and do need strong gov. intervention
classical conservatism
is defined as
devotion to the interests or
glory of one’s own country
Nationalism
It is weak on content as an ideology because it does not
take a definite ideological position on such issues as
unemployment, economic growth or mass poverty.
Nationalism
extreme form of nationalism
fascism
is a form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by
dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, as well as strongdictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, as well as strong
regimentation of society and of the economy.regimentation of society and of the economy
fascism
who
favoured the retention
of the monarchy were
seated to the Speaker’s
right.
conservatives
(who favoured
abolition) to the left
radicals
means an ideology that
favors equality, welfare programs and
sometimes, government intervention
in the economy
lefy
stresses individual initiative
and private economic activity
right
is an ideology
that favours an activist
government as a means
of promoting economic
security as well as the
personal values of
people
populism
is an
ideology that rejects the
view of the government
as an instrument of
traditional values and of
economic security
libertarianism
