ideologies Flashcards
E+A 3 liberal thinkers view of the Human nature
Locke - Humans are rational, and guided by self-interest but mindful of others conerns
Wollstonecraft - Rationalism applies to both genders
Mills - though rational, human nature is not fixed and is forever progressing
E+A 3 liberal thinkers of the State
Locke - State must be representive, based on the consent of the governed
Wollenstonecraft - Monarchical state should be replaced by a republic that enshrines women’s rights
Mills - State should proceed cautiously towards rep democracy, mindful of minority rights
E+A 3 liberal thinkers view of society
Locke - Society predates state - there were ‘natural’ socities with natural laws and rights
Wollstonecraft - Society has stifled female individualism
Mills - Best society was one where ‘individuality’ co-existed with tolerance and self-improvemnt
E+A three liberal thinkers view of the economy
Locke - State should protcet ‘natural rights’ to private property and arbitrate effectively btween individuals competeing
Wollenstecraft - A free-market would be energised by the enterprise of liberated women
Mills - Laissez-faire capitalism was vital to progress, individual enterprise and indivdiaul initiative
E+A 3 Conservative thinkers view of Human Nature
Hobbes - Cynical, individuals are selfish, driven by ruthless desire for supremacy
Oakshott - Midest - humanity is at its best when free from grand designs and when focussed on the routines of everyday life
Ayn Rand - Liberal, we are guided by rational self-interest and the pursuit of self-fulfilment
E+A 3 Conservatives thinkers view of State
Hobbes - State arises ‘contractually’ from individuals who seek order and security - state must be autocratic
Oakshott - State should be guided by tradition and practical concerns . Pragmatism should be its watchword
Ayn Rand - State should confine itsled to law, order and national security. Any attempt to promote ‘postive lierty’ via further state intervention , should be resisted
e+a 3 con thinekrs view of society
Hobbes - there can b no ‘society’ until the creation of state brings order and authority
Oakshott - Localised communities are essential to humanity’s survival, especially when guided by short-term requirements rather than abstract ideas
Rand - Society is simply atomistic - the mere sum total of its individuals. No attempt to restic individuals in the name of society should be challenged
e+a 3 con thinkers view of the economy
Hobbes - Constructive and enduring economic activity is impossible without a state guaranteeing order and security
Oakshott - Freemarkets too unpredictable, pragmatic moderation by the state
Rand - Free-market capitalism is an expression of ‘objectivist’ individualism and shouldn’t be hindered by the state
e+a 3 socialist thinkers view of Human Nature
Marx and engels - Human nature originally fraternal and altruistic and has been contained by captilaism insitilling the ‘false consciouness’
Luxembourg - Human nature has not been damaged to the extent to which Marx alleged. Fraternity and altrusim still flourish in working-call communities pushed by capialist economics
Giddens - Human nature has been shaped by changing socio-economic conditions. Shapened sense of individual aspiration
e+a 3 socialist thinkers view of the state
Marx/Engels - bourgious state must be destroyed by reovlution and replaced by new sociality state
Luxembourg - Eisitng capitlast state must be destroye by reovlution but one arising from strike ctions - new state should be genuine democrcy, complete with free speech and elections
Giddens - Existing liberal state should be improved, redistributing and decentrlaisng political power while enocurgin greater political participation
e+a 3 socialist thinkers view of the Society
Marx/Engels - Capitlaist society is defined by class conflict, communim would be perfect
Luxembourg - current capitlaist society is classridden, yet alternatives exist within downtrodden proletarian communities
Giddens - Soceity has undergone emborugiosment, eglalitarians must harness, rather than deny these forces
e+a three scoialsit views of the economy
Marx/Engels - capitalism must be replaced by collective ownership
Luxembourg - Captialism is more effective thn marx allows. its necerssary replacemnt will require determination
Giddens - Neo-liberl economy, propelled by privitisation will lead to more tax which finance huge increase in public spending, will secure greater eqauilty of opporutiny
