EU

Question 1

What treaty establishes the European Coal and steel Community ?

Answer 1

‘Treaty of Paris’ - 1952

• enables a common marker for coal
• Membership was just 6 countries

Question 2

Explain and Analyse 3 ways in which the EU has achieved its aims

Answer 2

1) Peace and Stability
- EU investmnet in infrastructure and support in Eastern Europe - post-fall of USSR

2) Individual Rights and Freedoms
- ‘Freedom of movement’ - good for people, limits working hours, reciprocal healthcare
- Levels of immigration, 1.8m psot-Syria creates issues - Ger happy to take 1m, Hungary closes border

3) Integration + an ‘ever closer union’
- Expansion of Competences inc common assport, adoption of EU flag
- 500b rescue package for poorer EU countries - April 2020
- Growing nationalism in some state - ‘Northen League in Italy’

Question 3

Explain and Analyse the powers of 3 EU institutions

Answer 3

1) European Commission
- Brussels
- 27 commisioners led by com president
- Only EU body to propse new laws
- Allocates EU funding + ensures compliance to EU laws
- e.g. June 2020 - Commission ensured 9% reduction in funding for Common Agricultural Policy

2) Council of the EU
- Brussels
- Govt ministers from each EU country in 10 councils dealing with specific policy - membership effectively decided by National Govts
- Main EU decision-making body
- Negotiates + Appeases law by European Commission

3) European Parliament
- Stratsburg
- Post-Brexit, 705 members based on size
- Appeases Annual EU budget, Confirms appointments of Commisioners, Amends + Vetos legislation prepard by Council of EU
- 2019 - ‘Copyright Law’ - supported by EU Parly, YT not happy

Question 4

Explain and Analyse 3 ways that the EU affected UK policy-making and politics

Answer 4

1) Govt + Policy
- policy-making had to align with EU law
- EU is limited on areas outside direct competance (Health+Education)
- Had the UK signed up to Eurozone, UK banks could not set own interest rates

2) Judicary
- UK judges give precedence to EU law
- ‘Merchant Shipping Act’ (1998) illegal under EU law - so law lords interject
- Factortame showed Statute law over common law - EU law over Parly

3) Political Parties
- Divided parties
- ’70s, Labour divided
- ’80s, Tories divided
21 tory rebels have whip withdrawn after denying leadership and voting to stop a no-deal brexit
Unifiyed Lib Dems - promise to revoke Article 50 in their 2019 election manifesto