identity politics Flashcards
prejudice
a hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group based solely on their membership in that group
-affective (prejudice); behavioral (discrimination); cognitive (stereotypes)
minimal group paradigm
-complete strangers are formed into totally meaningless, arbitrary groups
-people behave as if those who shared the same label were their close kin
realistic conflict theory
limited resources lead to conflict among groups; leads to prejudice and discrimination
decategorization & recategorization as prejudice reduction
-decategorization: getting people to think of themselves as individuals
-recategorization: getting people to think of themselves as members of a larger group
-some identities shared across partisan lines (re) and vary within parties (de)
role identity theory (and group norms)
-socialized to behave in ways consistent with group norms
-intragroup phenomenon
-happens when norm adherence is rewarded and deviation is punished over time within the group
-example: african americans being democrat as a norm
conservative shift
perceived threat -> more conservative policy attitudes
group status threat
more negative racial attitudes
sorting (traditional, issue, social) (mason, 2018)
-increasing alignment between party and ideology
-issue: increased uniformity of liberal/conservative issue positions within party
-social: increased social homogeneity within parties
how is mason’s (2018) definition of prejudice different?
-prejudice is intergroup bias
-does not distinguish between ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation
what evidence does mason (2018) present that partisan prejudice exists?
-audit studies (grading, college admissions, survey interviews)
-feeling thermometer differentials
-social distance preferences
how do social group memberships affect political attitudes and behavior according to the american voter?
-reference groups: ingroups and outgrounds influence attitudes toward candidates and issues - attitude toward endorsing candidate/issues -> attitude toward candidates/issues
-group norms: influence group members behavior; “expectations concerning appropriate behavior for the ‘loyal’ catholic or union member”
what is linked fate?
what is the black utility heuristic?
how does linked fate fail to account for black democratic party loyalty?
-linked fate: individuals who perceive their fates as individuals to be highly linked to those of other ingroup members were positioned to be more conscious of the group’s interests as a whole when making political decisions
-black utility heuristic: use what’s good for the group/status “as a proxy for individual utility”
-average difference in probability of democratic affiliation is only 4% between those high and low in linked fate
according to wamble et al. (2022), what social psychological theory best accounts for black democratic party loyalty?
what evidence did they present?
-larger % of black respondents identify with democratic party with black interviewer than non-black interviewer or no interviewer
-ideology related to probability of identifying as democrat with non-black interviewer but not with black interviewer
what was craig and richeson’s (2014) hypothesis regarding white americans’ political attitudes when told about the US becoming a “majority-minority” country? what did they find?
-perceived status threat (to whites) will lead to increased conservatism
-majority-minority shift salience led to more conservative policy attitudes for race-related and race-neutral issues
-led to more conservative ideological identification
