Identity : Gender Flashcards

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1
Q

What were Ann Oakley’s 4 processes ?

A
  • manipulation
  • canalisation
  • verbal appellation
  • different activities
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2
Q

What did Ann Oakley study ?

A

The process of the construction of gender identity

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3
Q

What is manipulation ? (examples)

A
  • Encouragement and rewarding of sex appropriate behaviour .
  • boys get rewarded for getting muddy and ‘stuck-in’ whereas girls would get told off
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4
Q

What is canalisation ?

A

Directing children towards appropriate toys for their gender

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5
Q

What is verbal appellation ?

A

Giving children gendered nicknames

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6
Q

What are ‘different activities’ ?

A

reinforcing stereotypes through activities

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7
Q

What was Sue Sharpe’s study ?

A
  • she studied working class school girls
  • in the 70’s girls education was less important to females
  • in the 90’s girls valued education a lot more and looked at finding careers
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8
Q

What is metrosexuality ?

A
  • Mort
  • A heterosexual urban man who enjoys shopping and similar interests which are traditionally associated with women
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9
Q

Who studied metrosexuality ?

A

Mort

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10
Q

What did Wilkinson study ?

A
  • ‘genderquake’
  • woman’s increasing success in the world of work.
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11
Q

What is happening with the changing gender roles ?

A
  • traditional roles are changing
  • women are taking on men’s traditional and the other away around
  • consumer products target our gender identities
  • gender and fertility medicine are blurring the biological boundaries
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12
Q

What does Cornell study ?

A

He argues different levels of masculinity

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13
Q

What is hegemonic masculinity ?

A

The most common, dominant and strongly reinforced

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14
Q

What is subordinate masculinity ?

A

Links to homosexuality

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15
Q

What is marginalised masculinity ?

A

Unemployed, not recognised

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16
Q

What was Mac An Ghail’s study on macho lads ?

A
  • He thinks that peer groups police the sexuality of it’s members through ‘hyper-masculinity’.
  • Talks about the 3 F’s - fighting, football and fucking
17
Q

What did Jackson find ?

A

Found that some girls or ‘ladettes’ spend time drinking, smoking, swearing to remain popular

18
Q

What did denscombe study ?

A

Look at the increase of female risk-taking behaviour which relates to ‘Ladette’ culture

19
Q

What was another point that Mac An Ghail looked at ?

A
  • Also looked at working class men who felt insecure as there had been a loss of typical ‘male’ industries
  • felt like they were losing their identity.