Identity and Personality

Question 1

Gender Identity

Answer 1

person’s appraisal of him or herself on scales of masculinity and femininity

Question 2

androgyny

Answer 2

defined as the state of being simultaneously very masculine and very feminine

Question 3

undifferentiated

Answer 3

state of being very low on both masculinity and femininity scales

Question 4

theory of gender schema

Answer 4

key components of gender identity are transmitted through cultural and societal means

Question 5

ethnic identity

Answer 5

one’s ethnic group, with whom they share a common ancestry, cultural heritage and language

Question 6

nationality

Answer 6

result of shared history, media, cuisine and national symbols

Question 7

hierarchy of salience

Answer 7

let the situation dictate which identity holds the most importance at the moment

Question 8

self-discrepancy theory

Answer 8

each of us has three selves

Question 9

actual self

Answer 9

way we see ourselves as we currently are

Question 10

ideal self

Answer 10

person we would like to be

Question 11

ought self

Answer 11

our representation of how others think we should be

Question 12

learned helplessness

Answer 12

when the situation gets dire to the point where it can not be recovered, the person soon gives up

Question 13

locus of control

Answer 13

refers to the way we characterize the influences in our lives

Question 14

1. oral stage

Answer 14

libidinal energy fixated on mouth; fixation can lead to excessive dependency

Question 15

2. anal stage

Answer 15

toilet training.; fixation can lead to excessive orderliness or messiness

Question 16

3. phallic stage

Answer 16

oedipal or electra conflict resolved

Question 17

4. latency stage

Answer 17

libido is largely sublimated

Question 18

5. genital stage

Answer 18

begins at puberty; person will enter into healthy heterosexual relationships

Question 19

1. trust v mistrust

Answer 19

can I trust the world?

Question 20

2. autonomy v shame/doubt

Answer 20

is it okay to be me?

Question 21

3. initiative v guilt

Answer 21

is it okay for me to do, move and act?

Question 22

4. industry v inferiority

Answer 22

can I make it in the world of people and things?

Question 23

5. identity v role confusion

Answer 23

who am I? what can I be?

Question 24

6. intimacy v isolation

Answer 24

can I love?

Question 25

7. generativity v stagnatioon

Answer 25

can I make my life count?

Question 26

8. integrity v despair

Answer 26

is it okay to have been me?

Question 27

preconventional morality

Answer 27

obedience and self interest

Question 28

conventional morality

Answer 28

conformity | law and order

Question 29

post conventional morality

Answer 29

social contract and universal human ethics

Question 30

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development

Answer 30

those skills that have not yet fully developed but are in the process

Question 31

theory of mind

Answer 31

the ability to sense how another persons mind works

Question 32

looking-glass self

Answer 32

reacting to how others are perceiving you by changing your behavior

Question 33

reference group

Answer 33

comparing yourself to those you are surrounded by

Question 34

psychoanalytic/psychodyanmic theories of personality

Answer 34

assumption of unconscious internal states that motivate overt actions and determine personality

Question 35

Freud psychoanalytic theory

Answer 35

ID, ego and superego

Question 36

id

Answer 36

consists of all the basic, primal, inborn urges to survive and reproduce

Question 37

pleasure principle

Answer 37

aim to achieve immediate gratification

Question 38

primary process

Answer 38

id's response to frustration

Question 39

wish fulfillment

Answer 39

mental imagery to fulfill a fantasy

Question 40

ego

Answer 40

guides the id

Question 41

reality principle

Answer 41

takes into account reality to guide id

Question 42

secondary process

Answer 42

postpone pleasure principle until satisfaction can actually be obtained

Question 43

superego

Answer 43

judges our actions, failures and accomplishments

Question 44

defense mechanisms

Answer 44

repression, suppression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement and sublimation

Question 45

Carl Jung

Answer 45

personal unconscious and collective unconscious

Question 46

Adler's inferiority complex

Answer 46

sense of incompleteness, imperfection and inferiority

Question 47

object relations theory

Answer 47

relation to early representation of parents or other caregivers that persist into adulthood and effect interactions with others

Question 48

Gestalt therapy

Answer 48

practitioners use a holistic view of self

Question 49

force field theory

Answer 49

focuses on present situation

Question 50

type theorists

Answer 50

create a taxonomy of personality types

Question 51

trait theorists

Answer 51

describer individual personality as the same of a person's characteristic behaviors

Question 52

Big five model

Answer 52

opennness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism