Identity and Individual Flashcards
what are the 5 big category traits
REMEMBER "OCEAN" openness conscientiousness extroversion agreeableness neuroticism
true or false - high neuroticism is associated with decreased risk of mental illness and decreased exercise
false - it is associated with increased risk of mental illness and decreased exercise
are dizygotic twins fraternal or identical
fraternal
what are the three parts of personality that Sigmund Freud believes in
Id, ego and super ego
what part of the personality balances the demands of the other parts
ego
what does the social cognitive theory of personality state
suggests that personality develops over time
true or false - the humanistic and social cognitive theory of personality are similar
true, humanistic theory also states that conscious decisions define personality
self identity can be a function of what three attributes
self knowledge, self esteem and social identity
what is the term related to a person’s belief about the degree to which they can control the surrounding events
locus of control
when someone believes they have complete control over their own behaviors and outcomes, they have
____ locus of control
internal
when someone believes luck and fate control their own behaviors and outcomes, they have ____ locus of control
external
when does the preparatory stage start and what is it
at infancy and all interaction happens through imitation
which stage does the development of me and I begin
game stage
what is the term referring to the balance between the me and the I
actual self
what are the five development stages , who developed them and the ages covering the stages
oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital Freud oral 0-1 anal 1-3 phallic 3-6 latent 6-12 genital >12
which development stage does the ego develop
oral stage
which development stage does the super ego develope
phallic stage
who developed the psychosocial stages
Erik Erikson
at what age does the trust vs mistrust crisis occur and its positive/negative outcomes
1
hope and fear
at what age does autonomy vs doubt occur and its positive/negative outcomes
2
will and shame
at what age does initiative vs guilt occur and its positive/negative outcomes
3-5
purpose and inadequacy
at what age does industry vs inferiority occur and its positive/negative outcomes
6-12
competence and inferiority
at what age does identity vs role confusion occur and its positive/negative outcomes
12-18
fidelity and rebellion
at what age does intimacy vs isolation occur and its positive/negative outcomes
18-40
love and isolation
at what age does generativity vs stagnation occur and its positive/negative outcomes
40-65
care for others and unproductive
at what age does integrity vs despair occur care for others and unproductive
> 65
wisdom and dissatisfaction
who suggested that psychological development is greatly influenced by social and cultural factors
Lev Vygotsky
what is the fundamental difference between Vygotsky’s theories and the others
Vygotsky’s theory is continuous in which there are no steps or stages rather gradual development
what are the three levels of moral development and who discovered the theory
Kohlberg
pre-conventional morality - a person is seeking rewards and avoids punishment
conventional morality - avoiding social disapproval and following the rules
postconventional morality - following social contract and system of universal ethics
____ attribution assigns the cause of behavior to ____ characteristics of a person
choices = dispositional/situational and internal/external
dispositional and internal
when we favor dispositional attributions over situational attributions, this tendency is called ….
fundamental attribution error
name the phenomenon in this example
sonali “i don’t like that you were late today”
monique “weren’t you late last time”
sonali “that was because i had to feed my dog”
self serving bias
what is the term referring to the tendency to attribute your own actions to external causes but others’ actions to internal causes?
actor observer bias
what is the name of the disorder that cannot be explained by a medical evaluation
conversion disorders
true or false - anxiety disorders cause the activation of the SNS
true
what is the disorder referring to a complex biochemical brain disorder involving a person’s ability to perceive reality
schizophrenia
what is the difference between hallucinations and delusions
hallucinations are sensations that are not real aka sense, sight and touch
delusions are false beliefs that cannot be true
what are examples of positive symptoms
hallucinations, delusions and disorganized speech
added problems to an individual’s experience
true or false - mania is related to am unusually high mood
true
what is the neurotransmitter linked to depression
monoamine neurotransmitter
what are some examples of monoamine neurotransmitters
serotonin, norepinephrine, noradrenalin and dopamine
what is the point of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
they are a common treatment for depression. they inhibit the enzymes that break down monoamine neurotransmitters. this allows for more availability to neurons
often a monoamine ____ to treat depression, in order to increase the amount of serotonin or norepinephrine in a neuron
agonist
antagonist
agonist
true or false - increased cortisol and decreased corticotropin-releasing hormone are associated with depression
false - both increased cortisol and CRH are linked to depression
which part of the body releases CRH and which part releases ACTH
hypothalamus … anterior pituitary
multiple personality disorder is also known as …
dissociative identity disorder
