Identity and Individual Flashcards by Sonali Bala

what are the 5 big category traits

REMEMBER "OCEAN"
openness
conscientiousness
extroversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

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true or false - high neuroticism is associated with decreased risk of mental illness and decreased exercise

false - it is associated with increased risk of mental illness and decreased exercise

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are dizygotic twins fraternal or identical

fraternal

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what are the three parts of personality that Sigmund Freud believes in

Id, ego and super ego

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what part of the personality balances the demands of the other parts

ego

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what does the social cognitive theory of personality state

suggests that personality develops over time

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true or false - the humanistic and social cognitive theory of personality are similar

true, humanistic theory also states that conscious decisions define personality

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self identity can be a function of what three attributes

self knowledge, self esteem and social identity

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what is the term related to a person’s belief about the degree to which they can control the surrounding events

locus of control

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when someone believes they have complete control over their own behaviors and outcomes, they have
____ locus of control

internal

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when someone believes luck and fate control their own behaviors and outcomes, they have ____ locus of control

external

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when does the preparatory stage start and what is it

at infancy and all interaction happens through imitation

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which stage does the development of me and I begin

game stage

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what is the term referring to the balance between the me and the I

actual self

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what are the five development stages , who developed them and the ages covering the stages

oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital
Freud
oral 0-1 
anal 1-3
phallic 3-6
latent 6-12
genital >12

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which development stage does the ego develop

oral stage

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which development stage does the super ego develope

phallic stage

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who developed the psychosocial stages

Erik Erikson

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at what age does the trust vs mistrust crisis occur and its positive/negative outcomes

hope and fear

at what age does autonomy vs doubt occur and its positive/negative outcomes

will and shame

at what age does initiative vs guilt occur and its positive/negative outcomes

3-5

purpose and inadequacy

at what age does industry vs inferiority occur and its positive/negative outcomes

6-12

competence and inferiority

at what age does identity vs role confusion occur and its positive/negative outcomes

12-18

fidelity and rebellion

at what age does intimacy vs isolation occur and its positive/negative outcomes

18-40

love and isolation

at what age does generativity vs stagnation occur and its positive/negative outcomes

40-65 | care for others and unproductive

at what age does integrity vs despair occur care for others and unproductive

>65 | wisdom and dissatisfaction

who suggested that psychological development is greatly influenced by social and cultural factors

Lev Vygotsky

what is the fundamental difference between Vygotsky's theories and the others

Vygotsky's theory is continuous in which there are no steps or stages rather gradual development

what are the three levels of moral development and who discovered the theory

Kohlberg pre-conventional morality - a person is seeking rewards and avoids punishment conventional morality - avoiding social disapproval and following the rules postconventional morality - following social contract and system of universal ethics

____ attribution assigns the cause of behavior to ____ characteristics of a person choices = dispositional/situational and internal/external

dispositional and internal

when we favor dispositional attributions over situational attributions, this tendency is called ....

fundamental attribution error

name the phenomenon in this example sonali "i don't like that you were late today" monique "weren't you late last time" sonali "that was because i had to feed my dog"

self serving bias

what is the term referring to the tendency to attribute your own actions to external causes but others' actions to internal causes?

actor observer bias

what is the name of the disorder that cannot be explained by a medical evaluation

conversion disorders

true or false - anxiety disorders cause the activation of the SNS

true

what is the disorder referring to a complex biochemical brain disorder involving a person's ability to perceive reality

schizophrenia

what is the difference between hallucinations and delusions

hallucinations are sensations that are not real aka sense, sight and touch delusions are false beliefs that cannot be true

what are examples of positive symptoms

hallucinations, delusions and disorganized speech | added problems to an individual's experience

true or false - mania is related to am unusually high mood

true

what is the neurotransmitter linked to depression

monoamine neurotransmitter

what are some examples of monoamine neurotransmitters

serotonin, norepinephrine, noradrenalin and dopamine

what is the point of monoamine oxidase inhibitors

they are a common treatment for depression. they inhibit the enzymes that break down monoamine neurotransmitters. this allows for more availability to neurons

often a monoamine ____ to treat depression, in order to increase the amount of serotonin or norepinephrine in a neuron agonist antagonist

agonist

true or false - increased cortisol and decreased corticotropin-releasing hormone are associated with depression

false - both increased cortisol and CRH are linked to depression

which part of the body releases CRH and which part releases ACTH

hypothalamus ... anterior pituitary

multiple personality disorder is also known as ...

dissociative identity disorder