identify and sketch

Question 1

mitochondrion

Answer 1

function -

1. cellular respiration
2. oxygen used to break down organic substances that have been stored as food in the cell
3. energy is released from this process
4. produces CO2 and H2O

Structure -
Outer membrane, inner membrane (branch like), matrix (fluid inside), cristae (branch like structures made from inner membrane, DNA (circular ball near the centre)

Question 2

chloroplast

Answer 2

function -

1. traps light for photosynthesis
2. sugars can be stored as starch granules in chloroplast

Structure -
Oval shaped double membrane (there is an inter membrane space) , stroma (liquid), lamellae (layers of membranes) found in stroma, thylakoids (thickenings) occur on lamellae, granum(stack of thylakoids, grana is plural), occur in green part of plants, contains chlorophyll (a green pigment)

Question 3

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

function -

1. bring cell contents in contacts with the outside environment
2. enlarges internal surface area
3. transports, stores and makes - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates; in the cell

Structure -
system of membranes, double membranes that fold forming channels in the cell, RER has ribosomes.

Question 4

Golgi

Answer 4

function -

1. collect molecules from ER (such as proteins or lipids) then process them and pack them into vesicles or lysosomes
2. Can secrete hormonal proteins needed in the body

Structure -
(also called dictyosome) stacks of membrane bound structures (called cisternae) , each cisterna is a flat, membrane enclosed disc that ha golgi enzymes, has a golgi vesicle

Question 5

vacuole

Answer 5

function -

1. stores sugars, minerals, and pigments in water
2. helps provide shape and structure
3. osmoregulation
4. not always found in animals
5. store, transport or digest cellular products and waste

structure -

1. fluid filled cavity surrounded by tonoplast (membrane), contains cell sap.
2. a fluid filled structure surrounded by a phospholipid (membrane)

Question 6

ribosome

Answer 6

function -

1. help create new proteins
2. those free in cytoplasm help make proteins for cytoplasm
3. produce proteins (that are secreted from the cell of form part of the membrane)

Structure -
(manufactured in nucleolus) made of ribosomal RNA and protein, attached to RER or found in cytoplasm, Small subunit (top), large subunit (bottom)

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

function - 
1. contains the organelles

structure -
1. jelly like material surrounding organelles

Question 8

cell wall (plant only)

Answer 8

function -

1. gives shape, protects and supports
2. prevents cell from bursting

structure -

1. made of cellulose
2. pits in the wall allow plasmodesmata (strands of cytoplasm) to connect other cells to each other
3. joined by middle lamellae

Animals have cell membranes (single)

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

function - 
1. contains genetic information and instructions needed to grow, live and reproduce.

structure -

1. double helix
2. has sets of nucleotides
3. base pairings of Adenine (A) and Thymine (T); Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

function -

1. controls activities in the cell
2. transfers hereditary information
3. plays an important role in cell division
4. differentiation and specialisation of cells

structure -

1. nuclear envelope
2. nucleoplasm
3. chromatin
4. nucleolus
5. nuclear pore

Question 11

cell membrane

Answer 11

function -

1. to enclose the cells contents
2. forms part of the cellular immunity system
3. controls what substances enter and leave the cell (selectively / semi -permeable membrane
4. helps bring parts of the cell in contact with one another

structure -

• fluid mosaic diagram
• phosphate head (hydrophilic)
• lipid tail (hydrophobic) (fatty acid)