Identifications | People Flashcards
When was Martin Luther born?
Where did he live?
B. 1483
Germany
Who was Martin Luther? (5)
1) Reformer / Augustinian Friar
2) Depressed about eternal destiny and felt overwhelmed by his sin
3) came to hate God for making him
4) Pursued doctorate
5) Came to new understanding and had no intention of stirring pot
Martin Luther’s 95 Theses:
Main points? (3)
1) Objection to indulgences funding Rome instead of Germany
2) Denied power of pope over purgatory for the remission of punishment
3) Indulgences are harmful because they induce complacency and threaten salvation.
Martin Luther’s Theology: (8)
1) God is simultaneously hidden and revealed
2)Theology of glory and theology of cross
3) Proper and alien works of God
4) Word of God is Jesus Christ
5) Justification by grace through faith
6) Lord’s Supper - faith of recipient / word made visible - consubstantiation
7) Two sacraments
8) Scripture final authority
Who is John Calvin?
1) 2nd Generation reformer
2) Converts to protestant faith
3) Writes Institutions as defense of protestant faith and instructions for religious inquirers
4) Professor of sacred scriptures and
Pastor at a church in Geneva
5) Writes the Institutes
When was John Calvin born?
Where did he live?
1509
Geneva
What is John Calvin’s theology? (8)
1) God - come to know through bible
2) Word of God - Christ and the scriptures
3) Humanity - Made as God’s image, but sinned - will tied up with sin
4) Justification - elect justified by grace alone by faith alone
5) Christian life - more and more manifest in yourself the image of God
6) Church - invisible and visible
7) Lord’s supper - Christ spiritually present, but not physically present
8) Predestination - (warned caution) humanity brings nothing to the table - all God
Why is John Calvin important to church history? (4)
1) writes the institutes
2) helps create the confession of faith
3) helps determine ecclesiastical ordinances, how church will rule themselves
4) shapes reformed tradition
Who is Balthasar Hubmaier? (4)
1) Doctorate in theology and pastor
2) Re-baptized
3) Burned at stake to death
4) Influence on the Anabaptist tradition
When was Balthasar Hubmaier born? And where did he live?
1480 - Germany
What is Balthasar Hubmaier’s theology? (7)
1) we can contribute to our salvation - little left after fall
2) limited free will - to choose to turn to God
3) Grace given, but no one is coerced, free to choose
4) God compels no one, but offers salvation to all
5) if not saved, the fault of recipient
6) Don’t baptize infants - must choose
7) Church is voluntary society - separate from word
Who is Caspar Schwenckfeld?
Leader of spiritualist movement?
When was Caspar Schwenckfeld born? And where did he live?
14989 - Poland
What was Caspar Schwenckfeld’s theology? (4)
1) Lord’s supper has dual meaning - memorial of Christ’s death and symbolic representation of internal feeding on of Christ
2) Bread and wine like teaching aid
3) The more important work is the inner transformation / spiritual bread
4) Strong distinction between church and state
Who is Teresa of Avila? (5)
1) Nun at carmelite convent
2) bad health, coma, in bed for 3 years
3) Miraculous recovery - intense spiritual life with intense spiritual experiences
4) Vision to reform Carmelites (return to simple life)
5) Founds more convents (Discalced Carmelites) and men’s group (Discalced Friars)
When was Teresa of Avila born?
1515
Major writing of Teresa of Avila?
“The Interior Castle”
What were the reforms that Teresa of Avila brought to the nuns? (9)
1) Had to be barefoot or in sandals
2) Evangelical witness
3) Can’t own property
4) No social distinctions
5) Simple dress
6) Fast and prayer
7) Everyone had to do chores
8) strict inclosure, limited visitation
9) Small group of elites
Who was Elizabeth 1? (4)
1) Daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII
2) sister Mary is on the throne, returns country to catholicism, persecutes protestants (bloody mary).
3) Elizabeth becomes queen of England in 1558.
4) Sought inclusive religion (middle way between Rome and Geneva)
When was Elizabeth 1 born?
1533
Why is Elizabeth 1 important to church history? (2)
1) 39 articles adopted
2) Puritans grew under her reign
Who is Jonathan Edwards? (4)
1) Spokesperson for the Moderate New Light (pro revivalist)
2) A part of the 1st Great Awakening
3) Pastor at grandpa’s church after he dies, embroiled in controversy, fired
4) dies after getting the smallpox vaccine
When was Jonathan Edwards born and where did he live?
1703 - Connecticut and New Jersey
Jonathan Edwards theology (6)
1) Strict Calvinism
2) Religious affections - conversion is marked by deep affection for God
3) God is: Sovereign, beautiful, and angry
4) Sinful humanity - urgency of repentance
5) Freedom of the willer, not freedom of the will (free to choose, but apart from grace, always chooses evil)
6) American exceptionalism - call on to bring forth a new society
Who is John Wesley? (5)
1) Forms Methodist Societies (within the Church of England)
2) Small groups - little church within the big church - didn’t want to form a new church
3) Church renewal movement
4) After his death, the Methodist church breaks from the Church of England
5) Arminian
What is John Wesley’s theology? (5)
1) Authority - Bible has final authority - though also consider experience, reason, and tradition
2) Repentant faith - is a prevenient grace bestowed on everyone, they have a choice to choose it - all can be forgiven!
3) Justifying faith - which pardons the sinner - God’s forgiveness - predestination through foreknowledge
4) Sin: voluntary transgression of a known law of God - a lack of conformity to the will of God
5) Christian perfection (which must be possible in one’s lifetime). Not without error, but no longer knowingly violating God’s law
When was John Wesley born and where did he live?
1703 - England