ideal gases + 1st law thermo

Question 1

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 1

for two objects in thermal equilibrium, they must be at the same temperature, and there is no net transfer of thermal energy between the two objects when they are placed in thermal contact.

Question 2

absolute zero

Answer 2

the temperature at which all substances have minimum internal energy

Question 3

thermodynamic temperature scale

Answer 3

temperature scale that is independent of the property of any particular substance AND has an absolute zero

Question 4

basic assumptions of kinetic theory of gases

Answer 4

• perfectly elastic collisions between molecules and walls of container
• total volume of the gas molecules is negligible compared to the volume occupied by the gas
• the duration of a collision is negligible in comparison to the time between collisions
• there are a large number of molecules in constant random motion (this)
• imf between molecules are negligible

Question 5

specific heat capacity

Answer 5

thermal energy transferred per unit mass per unit change in temperature

Question 6

specific latent heat

Answer 6

thermal energy transferred per unit mass during the change of state at constant temperature

Question 7

SLH of vaporisation/fusion

Answer 7

thermal energy transferred per unit mass during the change in state between [liquid and gas]/[solid and liquid] at constant temperature

Question 8

internal energy of a system

Answer 8

sum of random distribution of kinetic energies and potential energies associated with the molecules of the system (no potential energies for ideal gas)

Question 9

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 9

the increase in internal energy of (ΔU) a system is equal to the sum of the heat supplied to the system (q) and the work done on the system (W)