ID's Flashcards
Juno
wife of Jupiter and antagonist of Aeneas due to her animosity of the Trojans in general
Jupiter
the major god of the mythical pantheon; oversees Aeneas’s destiny
Venus
goddess of love and Aeneas’s mother
Minerva
The goddess who protects the Greeks during the Trojan War and helps them conquer Troy
Aeneas
the Trojan son of Venus, fated by the gods to lead the surviving Trojans to Italy where his descendants will give rise to the Romans
Ascanius
the son of Aeneas and future destiny of Rome’s founding
Anchises
father of Aeneas
Creusa
wife of Aeneas who dies during the sack of Troy
Priam
the king of Troy who is killed by Achilles’ son during the Trojan war
Hector
The greatest of the Trojan warriors killed at Troy
Hecuba
Queen of Troy and wife to Priam
Laocoon
A Trojan priest who advises the Trojans recognize the Greek’s wooden horse as a trick which should be destroyed, but is ignored
Dido
The Queen of Carthage who is in love with Aeneas and kills herself upon his leaving
Anna
Dido’s sister who encourages her affair with Aeneas
Cupid
son of Venus, sent by her to poison Dido with the madness of love
Maenad (Bacchant)
female followers of Dionysus; “raving ones” whose image parallels Dido’s raving madness at the end of Book 4 of the Aeneid
Romulus and Remus
the twin offspring of Rhea Sylvia who founded Rome in 753 BCE where they were raised
Julius Caesar
general who formed the First Triumvirate and attempted to establish himself as a dictator over Rome; was killed in 44 BCE
Marc Antony
part of the Second Triumvirate supporting Julius Caesar’s son Octavius in becoming the first Emperor of Rome in 30 BCE; had an affair with Cleopatra
Catalina
lost in the election to Cicero and attempted to assassinate him; conspired to gain complete dictatorial power in the Senate
Cicero
Roman politician who spoke out against the Catalina conspiracy in favor of the Republic; was killed in 43 BCE by the order of the Second Triumvirate for speaking against Marc Antony
Emperor Augustus
in 30 BCE became the first emperor of Rome
Emperor Diocletian
became emperor in 284 CE and led an intense persecution of Christians in the empire
Emperor Constantine
Ended the persecution of the Christians in 313 CE with the Edict of Milan establishing religious tolerance
Monica
Augustine’s pious Christian mother
Alypius
Augustine’s friend who was once addicted to the gladiator games; lives with Augustine in philosophical contemplation; brings Augustine to be baptized
Ambrose
bishop of Milan whose allegorical interpretation of the Bible and skillful rhetoric aided in Augustine’s conversion to Catholicism
Jerome
translated the crude Greek Bible into Latin (the translation that became known as the Vulgate)
Manicheans
followers of Mani who held Christian beliefs based on materialism and the struggle between good (light) and evil (dark, physical)
Arius and the Arian controversy
Arius denied the divinity of Christ, claiming He was of similar substance to God and was a creature. This caused backlash from orthodox Christians (like bishop Alexander) who defended the belief that Christ and God were of the same substance
Desert Christianity
beginning in the 3rd century, Christians who gave up material possessions and worldly ambition, moving to the deserts of Egypt to carry out a life of extreme pious asceticism and monasticism
St. Paul
apostle of Christ whose writings inspired Augustine, especially in his development of the idea of grace and original sin
St. Antony
essential to the development of early desert monasticism; a desert monk whose abandonment of material possessions and pleasures for a life of asceticism inspired Augustine
Athanasius
served as bishop of Alexandria; accompanies bishop Alexander to Nicean Council; defended the orthodox position over Christology against the Arian belief
Nicene Creed
a formal declaration of the orthodox doctrine stating God and Christ are of the same substance (homoousios) and rejecting the Arian claim against the divinity of Christ; formulated during the Council of Nicea in 325 CE
Pythagoras
(570–495 BCE) a philosopher who held that divine assistance was necessary to achieve self-knowledge
Plato
(424-347 BCE) a philosopher who encouraged turning inward to find intelligent reality - which was not found through the senses
Stoics
(Zeno of Citium 3 BCE) encouraged asceticism; whatever is real is bodily
Epicureans
(Epicurus 341-270 BCE) denied divine intervention/providence but influenced Augustine in the idea of achieving tranquility by limiting desires
Skeptical Academy
(Arcesilaus 315-240 BCE and Carneades 214-129 BCE) maintained that any knowledge is impossible; influenced Augustine’s understanding of the limitations of human Intellect
Plotinus
(204-270 CE) a philosopher who espoused the idea of using one’s Intellect to ascend through the soul and attain unity with the One (God)
