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Infectious Disease Unit 1 > ID Review Session > Flashcards

ID Review Session Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 lactose-fermenting, Gram-negative rods?

A

E coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter

Citrobacter
Arizona (Salm.)

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2
Q

Mucoid vs non-muoid lactose-fermenters?

A

E coli is flat

Klebsiella and Enterobacter are mucoid

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3
Q

What color are alpha-hemolytic strep colonies on blood-agar plates?

A

Green

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4
Q

What color are beta-hemolytic strep colonies on blood-agar plates?

A

Clear the bood

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5
Q

What color are gamma-hemolytic strep colonies on blood-agar plates?

A

no clearing

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6
Q

What are the two most important species of Gram-positive rods we need to know about?

A

Clostridium- large; spores;

Listeria- small; meningitis, spontaneous abortions, diarrhea; often pregnant or immunocompromised

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7
Q

What bacteria should pneumonia make you think of?

A 
Strep pneumo
H. influenzae
Moraxella
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Legionella pneumophila
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8
Q

What bacteria should skin/soft tissues make you think of?

A

Staph aureus
Group A Strep
Group B Strep
Clostridium perfringens

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9
Q

What bacteria should enteritis make you think of?

A

Vibrio cholerae

Enterotoxigenic E coli

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10
Q

What bacteria should colitis make you think of?

A

Shigella
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni
C diff

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11
Q

What bacteria should endocarditis make you think of?

A 
Strep viridans (subacute)
Enterococcus (subacute)
Staph aureus (acute; IV drug users)
Strep pnuemo

Coag neg staph (prosthetic valves)

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12
Q

What bacteria should meningitis make you think of?

A

Strep pneumo
N. meningitis
Listeria
H influenzae

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13
Q

Intraabdominal infections should make you think of which bacteria?

A

E coli
Klebsiella
Anaerobes (B. fragilis)
Enterococcus

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14
Q

Bacterial causes of STDs

A

N gonorrhea
Chlamydia trachomatis
Treponema pallidum
H. ducreyi

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15
Q

HSV (What’s the pathogen, is it painful, are lymph nodes involved, does it cause single or multiple lesions, and what’s the treatment)?

A

HSV 1 and 2

Yes, painful

Yes LNs involved

Multiple lesions

Treat with valacyclovir

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16
Q

Syphilis (What’s the pathogen, is it painful, are lymph nodes involved, does it cause single or multiple lesions, and what’s the treatment)?

A

Treponemia pallidum

No, primary lesion is NOT painful

Yes, non-tender

Single primary chancre

Penicilin

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17
Q

Chancroid (What’s the pathogen, is it painful, are lymph nodes involved, does it cause single or multiple lesions, and what’s the treatment)?

A

H. ducreyi (“School of fish” on Gram-stain)

Painful

Draining buboes

Multiple (undetermined red borders)

Azithromycin/ ceftriaxone

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18
Q

LGV (What’s the pathogen, is it painful, are lymph nodes involved, does it cause single or multiple lesions, and what’s the treatment)?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis L1-L3 serotypes

No

Draining, tender, “groove sign”

Single

Doxycycline for 3 weeks

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19
Q

Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)

(What’s the pathogen, is it painful, are lymph nodes involved, does it cause single or multiple lesions, and what’s the treatment)?

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

Not painful

No LN

Single beefy red lesion

Doxy for 3 weeks

20
Q

What’s the inflammatory component to the outer membrane in Gram-negative organisms?

A

LPS (lipopolysaccharide)

21
Q

Are techoic acids seen in Gram-positive or negative organisms or both?

A

Gram Postitive

22
Q

Non-Gram staining bugs?

A 
Campylobacter (sometimes)
Mycoplasma 
Chlamydia 
Rickettsia
Spirochetes
Legionella
23
Q

Do we treat people who are colonized without symptoms?

A

NO!

Exceptions: TB, N. meningitis, syphilis, etc…

24
Q

Signs and symptoms of endocarditis

A 
Fever
Roth spots 
Splinter hemorrhages
Kidney/hematuria
Joints
Stroke
Valve failure
25
Q

What are the bugs that cause UTI in young women most commonly?

A

E coli

Staph saphrophyticus

26
Q

What are the bugs that cause UTI in elderly men most commonly?

A

E coli

Enterococcus

27
Q

What are the bugs that cause complicated UTIs?

A

GNRs (E coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Enterococcus (if catheter)
Staph aureus

28
Q

What is the most common cause of inflammatory diarrhea?

A

Campylobacter

29
Q

Where in the body does inflammatory vs non-inflammatory diarrhea occur?

A

Inflammatory: colon

Non-inflammatory: small intestine

30
Q

What are the common pathogens that cause inflammatory diarrhea?

A 
Campylobacter
Shigella
Salmonella
\+/- EHEC (doesn't cause fever or WBC)
C diff
31
Q

What are the common pathogens that cause non-inflammatory diarrhea?

A 
Norwalk
Rotavirus
Astrovirus
Cholera
ETEC
32
Q

Causes of bloody diarrhea

A

EHEC
Ameobae
Shiga 1
C diff

33
Q

H-antigen

O-antigen

A

O- LPS

H- flagellum

34
Q

Cholera toxin

A

Stimulates adenylyl cyclase

35
Q

EPEC

A

attaches and effaces microvilli causing malabsorption

36
Q

Complications from EHEC infection

A

HUS
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
(TTP)

37
Q

In general, what antibiotic are most Strep sensitive to?

A

PCN
ampicillin
cephalosporins

38
Q

What do we use to treat MSSA?

A

b-lactamase-resistant drug

1° ceph, oxa/nafcillin, amp-sulbactam

39
Q

What do we use to treat MRSA?

A

(IV) Vanco, daptomycin, linezolid

40
Q

How do we treat coag neg staph?

A

Vanc

Dapto

41
Q

What are the non-treponemal tests for syphilis?

A

PRP-VDLR

42
Q

What are the treponemal tests for syphilis?

A

FTA-ABS
TP-PA (less)

Confirmatory

43
Q

Norovirus

A 
Family and community epidemics
Older children, adults
Shellfish
Fecal-oral
1-2 duration
44
Q

Rotavirus

A 
Sporadic cases
Infants, young children
Fecal-oral
5-8 days duration 
Most common hospitalization, and deaths from diarrhea in children
45
Q

Vaccine Preventable Diseases that we’ve learned about so far

A

Varicella (for primary) - children
Zoster (for reactivation) - adults
Papillomavirus – under age 26 (2-9 valent)
Rotavirus (monovalent; 5-valent)

Salmonella typhi (oral or parenteral)

Typhoid vaccine

Infectious Disease Unit 1 (19 decks)

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