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Infectious Disease Unit 1 > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Prototypical Penicillins

A

Penicillin G, penicillin V

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2
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins

A

Methicillin, Oxacillin

dicloxacillin, cloxacillin

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3
Q

Extended spectrum penicillins

A

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin

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4
Q

Antipseudomonal penicillins

A

Piperacillin

Ticarcillin, Mezlocillin, Carbenicillin

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5
Q

Penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor combos

A
  • Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
  • Piperacillin/Tazobactam

(Ampicillin/Sulbactam; Ticarcillin/Clavulanate)

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6
Q

How many cephalosporin generations

A

5

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7
Q

1st gen cephalosporins

A

-Cephalexin, Cefazolin

Cephradine, Cefadroxil

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8
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins

A

Cefuroxime, Cefaclor

Cefotetan, Cefoxitin, Cefprozil, Locarbef, Cefmetazole, Cefonicid

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9
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins

A

-Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefdinir, Cefepime

Cefotaxime, Cefoperazone, Cefixime, Cefpodoxime, Ceftibutin, Ceftizoxime

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10
Q

Carbapenems

A

-Imipenem/Cilastatin, Ertapenem

Meropenem

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11
Q

Monobactams

A

Aztreonam

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12
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams, Vancomycin

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13
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A 
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Lincomycins
Synthetic agents
Streptogramins
Oxazolidinones
Spectinomycin
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14
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

-Tobramycin, Gentamicin

Amikacin, Netilmicin, Paromomycin, Streptomycin

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15
Q

Tetracyclines

A

“-cyclines”
-Tetracycline,
Doxycycline, Minocycline

(Demeclocycline, Methacycline, Oxytetracycline, Tigecycline)

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16
Q

Macrolides

A

“-mycins”
- Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

(telithromycin, dirithromycin, troleandomycin)

17
Q

Lincomycins

A

Clindamycin

18
Q

Synthetic agents

A

Chloramphenicol

19
Q

Streptogramins

A

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

20
Q

Oxazolidinones

21
Q

Inhibitors of Intermediary Metabolism

A

Sulfonamides

22
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Sulmethoxazole/Trimethoprim

23
Q

Interference with nucleic acid processing

A

Quinolones

Fluoroquinolones

24
Q

Quinolones & Fluoroquinolones

A

= “xacin”
-Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin

(Cinoxacin, Enoxacin, Nalidixic acid, Gemifloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin)

25
Q

Beta-lactam drugs

A

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, vancomycin, bacitracin, cycloserine (TB)

26
Q

Antimetabolites

A

trimethoprim, sulfonamides, sulfones

  • affect folic acid metabolism
27
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (first step in folic acid synthesis)
- bacteriostatic

28
Q

Trimethoprim MOA

A

act at 3rd step of folic acid synthesis to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
- faster action than sulfonamides

29
Q

Sulfonamides resistance mechanism

A
  • acquired, bypass

Infectious Disease Unit 1 (19 decks)

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