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Found 6 > ID- Popcorn > Flashcards

ID- Popcorn Flashcards

1
Q

The following is the general “criteria” for what?

  • Fever >38.3degC (100.9F)
  • At least 3wks duration
  • No dx after 3 outpt visits or 3 days of hospitalization
A

Fever of unknown origin

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2
Q

What are the 3 MC etiologies of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)?

A
  1. Infection
  2. Malignancy
  3. Connective Tissue Disease
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3
Q

What is the #1 MC malignancy to cause FUO (fever of unknown origin)?

A

Lymphoma, especially non-hodgkins

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4
Q

What is the main site of colonization of staphylococcal infections?

A

Nose

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5
Q

Is staph aureus coagulase negative or positive

A

positive

(Staph epidermidis and staph saprophyticus are both coag neg)

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6
Q
  • Which staphylococcal strain is a frequent skin contaminant of blood cultures?
  • What do you do to confirm whether a contaminant or a true cause of bacteremia?
A
  • Staph epidermidis
  • May have to draw from 2 sites
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7
Q

Which bacteria causes infections of:

  • Urine catheters
  • IV lines
  • Prosthetic joints/heart valves
  • Dialysis catheters
A

Staph epidermidis

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8
Q

Which staphylococcal strain is coagulase negative and is a leading cause of UTIs?

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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9
Q

What is the etiology of TSS?

A

Staph aureus

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10
Q

Clinical presentation of what?

  • Abrupt onset high fever
  • Vomiting & watery diarrhea
  • Sore throat, myalgias, h/a
  • Hypotension with kidney and heart failure
  • Diffuse macular erythematous rash and nonpurulent conjunctivitis
  • Desquamation, esp. of palms & soles (late finding)
A

TSS

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11
Q

Lab findings in TSS are consistent with what?

A

shock and organ failure

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12
Q

What is empiric antibiotic tx for TSS?

A

Clindamycin + Vanco

(Also needs rapid rehydration–> 3L)

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13
Q

What condition is caused by Staph aureus and is primarily in neonates 3-15 months old?

A

Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)

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14
Q

Clinical presentation of which condition?

  • Prodrome: fever, irritability
  • Erythematous patches with large superficial fragile blisters
  • When blisters rupture, skin appears red and scalded
  • Nikolsky sign (only the first layer)
A

Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)

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15
Q

Diagnosis of what?

  • Clinical with cultures
  • Skin biopsy shows intraepidermal cleavage without necrosis**
A

Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)

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16
Q

What type of abx should be used to tx SSSS? If there is no response, what 2 meds should you consider?

A
  • Penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam agents (Nafcillin)
  • If no response, consider MRSA & tx with vancomycin
17
Q

Etiology of Anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

18
Q

T/F: there has been bioterrorism w/ anthrax spores

A

True

19
Q

Hallmark of what condition?

  • Painless eschar with extensive surrounding edema

(will be on exam)

A

Cutaneous clinical syndrome of Anthrax

20
Q

What causes:

  • hemorrhagic mediastinitis
  • occasionally necrotizing pneumonia
  • Bacteremia
A

Inhalation clinical syndrome of Anthrax (the most dangerous form)

21
Q

Which clinical syndrome has a prodrome including sxs like hemoptysis and dyspnea and can resultmin death within days

A

INHALATION clinical syndrome of Anthrax

22
Q

What is seen on CXR of the inhaled form of Anthrax?

(will be on exam)

A

Widened mediastinum

23
Q

What is the GI form of Anthrax from?

A

consumptom of undercooked, infected meat from animals infected with anthrax

24
Q

Which infectious disease causes:

  • Necrotic ulcers surrounded by extensive edema of infected intestinal segment and adjacent mesentery
  • Can cause GI hemmorrhage
A

GI tract clinical syndrome of Anthrax

25
Q

How do you tx anthrax if it is systemic w/ meningitis?

A
  • Report/consult public health department
  • Cipro + meropenem + Linezolid
  • Antitoxin
  • etc.
26
Q

How do you tx Anthrax that is systemic WITHOUT meningitis?

A
  • Report/consult public health department
  • Cipro + Clinda
  • Antitoxin
  • etc.
27
Q

How do you treat cutaneous Anthrax?

A
  • Report/consult public health department
  • _Ciprofloxacin**_
  • Antitoxin
  • etc.

***definitely know abx- will be on exam***

28
Q

Which type of anthrax has the highest mortality rate? (cutaneou, injection, GI, inhalation or anthrax meningitis)

A
  • Anthrax meningitis- even with treatment, mortality is 100%
  • Inhalation is also very deadly with mortality rate of 45%
29
Q

What is post-exposure prophylaxis for patients exposed to aerosolized B. anthracis (anthrax)?

A

Start Cipro w/in 48hrs- treat for 60 days

+

3 dose series of Anthrax vaccine

30
Q

What is usually transmitted by the infected saliva of a bat, raccoon or skunk?

A

Rabies (caused by rhabdovirus)

31
Q

Which infectious disease?

  • Virus travels in nerves to the brain, multiplies in brain, then travels along efferent nerves to salivary glands
  • Forms cytoplasmic inclusion bodies – site of viral transcription & replication
A

Rabies

32
Q

What infectious disease causes percussion myoedema (mounding of the muscle at the percussion site)?

A

Rabies

33
Q

What are the two types of CNS presentations of Rabies? What do both forms progress to?

A

•“furious” – encephalitic

•“dumb” – paralytic

*both forms progress to coma, ANS dysfunction, death

34
Q

“Furious” (encephalitic) or “dumb” (paralytic) form of rabies?

  • MC
  • paranoia, terror
  • Hydrophobia
  • unquenchable thirst
  • oversalivating
  • Death by cardiac arrest
A

Furious (Encephalitic) rabies

35
Q

“Furious” (encephalitic) or “dumb” (paralytic) form of rabies?

  • gradual coma
  • NO hydrophobia
  • paralysis
  • muscle weakness and loss of sensation
  • death
A

Paralytic rabies

(this is less dramatic and usually longer course than furious rabies)

36
Q

How do you diagnose rabies? (4)

A
  • test animal if possible
  • PCR of saliva
  • viral culture of saliva
  • Full thickness skin biopsy from posterior region of neck at hairline
37
Q

How do you prevent rabies? (this is the main tx)

A

Immunize household pets and ppl w/ signifcant animal exposure

38
Q

What is PEP and PrEP for rabies?

A

PEP= Human rabies immune globulin, Rabies vaccine

PrEP= Human diploid cell vaccine

Found 6 (11 decks)

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