ID- Flu + COVID Flashcards
What is one way to transmit flu
- Droplets MAINLY
Which type of influenza experiences a greater drift?
Influenza A
What are symptoms/diagnosis of influenza
sudden onset
- fever
- cough
- chills/sweat
- malaise/fatigue
- myalgia
How long does flu last (excluding fatigue)
7-10 days
When are the patients eligible for PCR testing
- Sick <18 yrs in ER
- Sick hospitilized patients
- Sick residents of LTC
- First 4 individuals in an outbreak setting
Who can take Oseltamivir
uncomplicated flu 1+ who have been ill NO MORE THAN 2 DAYS
- pregnant people
Or complicated illness (even after 2+days)
What is the benefit of oseltamivir (efficacy)
- decreases mortality in hospitalized patients
- decreases symptomatic transmission
- shortens symptom duration BY 1 DAY
When does benefit outweigh harm for oseltamivir
When they are at risk for complications
When can you give zanamivir
7+
Powder
- Known influenza B
- Failed oseltamivir prophylaxix
- not responding to oseltamivir
- Oral not possible
What are risk factors for complications of flu?
- Age less than 5 or 65+
- LTC residents
- DIABETIC
- indigenous
- immunosuppresion
- OBESITY
- chronic renal insufficiency
- Asthma or COPD
- pregnant people and up to 4 weeks post birth
- CV diseases (except hypertension)
- neurological disease
How to treat adult with no risk factors?
within 48 hours
- consider therapy
48+ hours
- NOT recommended
How to treat adult with risk factors?
within 48 hours:
- start therapy
48+ hours
- consider therapy
How to treat adults with moderate, progressive, severe or complicated illness?
START therapy right away
What are red flags in ADULTS?
- seizure
- not urinating
- severe muscle pain
- severe weakness
- difficulty breathing
- confusion
- dizziness
- twice sickening
How to treat a child with mild disease and no risk factors?
<1yr
1-5yrs
5+ years
<1yr
- not approved
1-5yrs
- consider therapy if within 48 hours
5+ years
- not given
How to treat a child with mild disease and risk factors?
Give therapy immediately (no need to wait 48 hour)
How to treat children with moderate, progressive, or severe influenza
start therapy
What are red flags for infants and children
- fever with rash
- bluish skin colour
- confusion
- being so irritable
When is chemoprophylaxis for flu indicated? Can you give it to close contacts?
oseltamivir can decrease symptomatic transmission
When there is a risk for an outbreak in hospital or LTC
- when you need to “bridge” until vaccine becomes effective
Can you give it to close contacts?
No, early therapy is better
What is the dose for oseltamivir treatment and chemoprophylaxis?
Treatment:
- 75 mg TWICE daily for 5 days
chemoprophylaxis
- 75 mg once daily for 10 days
What is the dose for zanamivir treatment and chemoprophylaxis?
Treatment
- 10 mg twice daily (2 5 mg inhaltions) for 5 days
chemoprophylaxis
- 10 mg once daily for 10 days
How is covid transmitted
Primarily with droplets
- aerosols and fomites play a role
What are risk factors for severe COVID-19 (3)
- 60+yrs
- under-immunized
- 1+ comorbidity
What are red flags of covid-19
- hypotension
- blue lips or face
- coughing up blood
- tachypnea
- reducing O2 saturation
What is the eligibility for paxlovid (5)
One of these only:
- 60+yrs
- under-immunized
- 1+ comorbidity
- groups with poorer outcomes due to social determinants
Requires a positive test and within 5 days symptoms
What is the MOA of paxlovid? efficacy (1)
block viral replication
Efficacy
- decreased hospitlization and death
When is Paxlovid NOT indicated
no new or increased supplemental oxygen needs
When would you give remdesivir
if they have hypersensitivity to paxlovid or greater than 5 days onset
- has to be within 7 days
How long do post-covid symptoms last? What are they
can last and get new symptoms 12+ weeks
- fatigue
- cough
