ID exam 2 Flashcards
what is the leading cause of death world wide? describe it
MTB - acid fast bacilli, obligate aerobe
resistance to ABX, complement, acidic/alkaline compounds
macrophages eat but cannot kill MTB
what is the SX and DX for MTB?
SX - fever, cough, night sweats, weight loss
DX: sputum smear/culture GOLD TEST , NAAT, PCR
what is the clinical dx and tx for MTB?
- miliary seeds in CXR = cavitary disease
- osteomyletisis = pott’s disease
- meningitis, brain absces, pericarditis, renal dysnfunction
TX:RIPE
- rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol + pyridone B6
remember that TB can be resistant to many drugs
which non-tuberculous mycobacteria is the M/C in US and m/c in texas/florida
m/c US = m. kansaii
m/c texas + florida = m. abscessus
what is the transmission, RF, clinical dx and dx for NTM?
transmission = via aerosol and water source, NOT PERSON TO PERSON
RF: COPD, bronchiestasis, CF, prior disease,
clinical dx: cough, dyspnea, weight loss, fatigue, “HOT TUB LUNG”
DX: CXR = upper lobe cavitary infiltrates, nodular infiltrates
- 2/3 sputum culture + OR
- 1 bronchoscopy culture + OR
- transbronchial BX culture +
what is the TX For NTM?
M.avium intracellular (MAI) (CER) = clarithroymycin + ethambutol +/- rifampin
M.Kansaii (RIPE) = isonizaid + rif + ethambutol + pyridoxine
M.abscesses ( CA)= claritthroymcin +/- amikacin
what is the non pulmonary non tuberculous mycobacteria? where do u get it? whats the dx?
- mycobacterium marinum - SLOW GROWING PIGMENTED ACID FAST BACILLUS
- FROM fresh or salt water
- FISH TUBERCULOSIS, soft tissues on hands, forearms, osteomyletitis
what is the m/c/c of cold viruses?
rhinovirus!
what is influencza, what is the SX, complication and TX?
- RNA virus - influenca A (H1N1) or infleunca B
- M/C myalgias involving leg and lumbosacral area, fever, fatigue, rhinorreha
- comp: infuenenza penumonia
- TX: neuraminidase inhibator –> oseltamivir
do nasopharngeal swab to determine this
what is rabies, what is the SX, DX, TX?
- Rabies is caused by rhabdovirus infection of the CNS
- SX: fatal encephalitis :(, neuro phase and hydrophobia
- DX: negri bodies in the animals
- TX: human rabies immune globin at the site, then rabies vaccine
what is rotavirus, where is it M/C in, SX, TX, transmission?
- rotavirus is a contagious virus M/C in infants + young children without vaccination –> can casue gastroenteritis
- transmission via fecal oral route
- SX: severe WATERY diarrhea, vomitting, fever, abd pain
- TX: rehydration + vaccine
what is parvovirus B19, M/C where, SX, TX?
- Erythema infectiosum 5 disease
- M/C in children
- SX: slapped cheeks, circumoral pallor maculopapular rash on extremities
- TX: supportive care lol
what is roseola, m/c where, SX and TX?
- Roseola infantum (6th disease)
- HHV 6 (humanherpes virus-6)
- Usually in children < 2 years
- SX: RASH on trunk, neck then face
o **Viral exanthem STARTS on the trunk ** - TX: Mainstay supportive care
what is measles, SX, compicaltion, and TX?
- RNA virus with 1 serotype = measles virus part of genus morbillivirus: paramyxoviruses
- ## SX: fever, malaise, THREE Cs: COUGH, CORYZA, CONJUCTIVITIS, Kolpik Spots (buccal mucosa), RASH morbilliform (maculopapular) on face and feet
- Comp: pneumonia M/C/C of measles related death
- TX: Mainstay supportive care
what is congenital varcella, SX, when does it happen during pregnancy?
- RARE, happens during 1st trimester
- happens at birth from mother to fetus if she has chickenpox
- abnormabilites to birth weight, fucked up skin, brains, eyes extremies
where does ZIKA virus come from, when does it happen during preg, transmission, what is the SX TX DX?
- **Aedes mosquito **(a.aegypti)
- MICROCEPHALLY 1ST AND 2ND TRIMESTERS
- Transmission: bite from infected mosquito, sex, maternal-fetal
- SX: fever, rash, headache, joint pain, conjunctivitis, muscles pain
- TX: Mainstay supportive care – hydration, acetaminophen for fever
- DX: serum or urine ZIKA virus IgM (TOC)
what are the condyloma and oncogenic strain for HPV? describe the condyloma strian
condyloma is HPV 6 11. - fleshy gray sessile pedunculated lesion
oncogenic is HPV 16 18
what is the TX For HPV?
- TX by provider: cyro, Resin, TCA/BCA, surgery
- tx by pt: resin solution, imiquimod
- Vaccines: Quadrivalent - gardasil - type 6 11 16 18,
or bivalent - Cervarix - type 16 18
what is the m/c reported bacreiral STI in US and the m/c urethritis in men?
chalmydia trachomatis