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P4 > ID > Flashcards

ID Flashcards

1
Q

Syphilis bacteria + pathogenesis

A

treponema pallidum

acquired through sexual contact

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2
Q

syphillis clinical features

A

painless ulceration

local lymphadenopathy

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3
Q

Mx syphilis

A

1 - IM benzathine penicillie

2 - Doxycycline

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4
Q

Ix syphilis

A

treponema specific antibodies

cardiolipid tests

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5
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A 
BCG
MMR
yellow fever
polio
typhoid
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6
Q

how long does HIV seroconversion take?

A

3-12 weeks

ELISA test repeated in 3 months

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7
Q

how many tetanus doses to provide adequate long term protection ?

A

5

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8
Q

is there a vaccine for hep C?

A

no

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9
Q

Diagnostic ix?

Outcome

A

HCV RNA

15-45% clear the virus
55-85% will develop hepatitis C

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10
Q

when is it defined as hep C?

A

perisistence HCV RNA in blood for 6 months

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11
Q

complications of hep C

A

rheumatologicla - arthritis
sjrogen’s - eye
cirrhosis - HCC
membranproliferative glomerulonephriits

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12
Q

hep C Mx

A

treatment depends on viral genotype

PROTEASE INHIBITORS

  1. Sustained virological response (SVR)
    - aim: undetectabe serum HCV RNA doe 6 months after end therapy
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13
Q

triad of infectious mononucleosis

A
  1. sore throat
  2. Pyrexia
  3. lymphadenopathy
    (ant/post triangle of the neck)
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14
Q

which species of malaria is the most severe?

most common benign?

A

severe: plasmodium falciparum
benign: plasmodium vivax

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15
Q

what diseases protect from malaria?

A

sickle cell anaemia

G6PD deficiency

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16
Q

what is erysipelas?

A

bacterial infection of the upper dermis

extending to the subcutaneous lymphatic vessels - well demarcated

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17
Q

difference between cellulitis and erysipelas?

A

cellulitis

  • lower dermis
  • group A haem strept (pyrogenes) 66% + staph auerus 33%

erysipelas

  • upper dermis
  • group A haemolytic strept (pyogenes) - mostly
  • staph auerus
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18
Q

what is Mx for cellulitis + erysipelas?

A

flucoloacillin - for both

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19
Q

features of malaria

A

cyclical fever
hepatospenomegaly
diarrhoea
jaundice

anaemia
thrombocytopenia
hypoglycaemia
acidosis

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20
Q

complications of malaria

A

ARDS
DIC
cerebral malaria

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21
Q

diseases of bloody diarrhoea vs non-bloody?

A

bloody:

  • samonella
  • campylobacter
  • shigella

non-bloody:

  • chlorea
  • giardiasis
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22
Q

shortest incubation time

1-6hrs (2)
12 - 48hrs (2)

A

1-6hrs

  • staph aureus
  • bacillus cereus

12-48hrs

  • e.coli
  • salmonella
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23
Q

screening TB test in uk

A

mantoux test
>15mm suggests infection

interferon-gamma test

24
Q

features of legionella

A 
dry cough
lymphopenia - low lymphocytes
hyponatraemia
derranged LFTs
pleural effusion 30%
25
Q

Mx for bloody / invasive diarrhoea?

A

ciprofloxacin

26
Q

most common STI in Uk

A

chlamydia

NAAT

doxycyline / azithromycin 7 days

27
Q

SE of tetracyclines

A

black hairy tongue
angioedema
photosensitivity
teeth discolouration

28
Q

most likely post splenectomy sepsis

A

strept pneumoniae
h influenza
meningococci

29
Q

MRSA Mx - suppression once carrier identified

A

nasal mupirocin

topical chlordexidine

30
Q

MRSA abx in Mx

A

vancomycin - glycopeptide
teicoplanin
linezolid

31
Q

what bacteria causes amoebic liver abscess - anchovy sauce ?

A

entamoeba histolytica

32
Q

patients who recently had influenza are at risk of what?

A

staph aureus chest infection

33
Q

actions after HIV+ needle stick injury

A
  1. encourage bleed
  2. go ED
  3. oral anti-retroviral therapy for 4 weeks, within 72 hours
  4. 12 weeks following completion
34
Q

pregnancy with bacterial vaginosis

A

still can use oral metronidazole

35
Q

meningitis features
CSF sample visible by india ink
- what is the organisms

A

cryptococcus neoformans

36
Q

fitz hugh curtis syndrome?

A

complication of PID
- causing liver capsule to be inflamed

scar tissue develops + perihepatic adhesions
PMH - chlamydia + gon

37
Q

pathogen causing croup

A

parainfluenza virus

38
Q

parovirus B19 serology

A

IgG = immunity

IgM = infection

39
Q

Malaria mX

A

Non-severe falciparum:
- oral artesunate combination therapy (ACT)

severe falciparum:
- IV artesunate

40
Q

pathogen causing kaposi’s sarcoma

A

human herpes virus 8

41
Q

hx of fever, travel, arthralgia, rose spots on abdo

causative pathogen

A

salmonella typhi

42
Q

if a HIV patient develops pneumococcus jivoreci, what is their CD4 count?

A

<200

43
Q

complications erythema infectiosum / paravirus B19

A

aplastic anaemia in sickle cell patients

suppress EPO for a week

44
Q

what is leprosy?

A

granulomatous disease affecting the peripheral nerves + skins
- caused by mycobacterium leprae

  1. hypopigmentation of skin
  2. loss of sensation
45
Q

leprosy Mx

A

triple therapy

rifampicin
dapsone
clofazimine

46
Q

describe lymes disease

A

borrelia burgdorferi - spread by ticks

  1. erythem chroncium migrans ‘bulls-eye’ rash (clinically diagnostic)
  2. cardio - heart block, myocarditis
  3. neuro - facial n palsy, meningitis

ELISA - blood test for Borrelia burgdorferi

47
Q

Mx for lymes

A

oral doxycycline

if preg: amoxicillin

48
Q

how does herpes simplex virus present its primary infection?

A

gingivostomatitis (gum + mouth ulceration)

49
Q

what are the rules with herpes simplex and pregnancy?

A

if infected during pregnancy at greater than 28 weeks

- elective caesarean

50
Q

how does typhoid present?

A

rose spots

w/ constipation
w/ relative brady (faget’s)

transmitted via faecal oral route

51
Q

what are the abx guidelines for pregnancy?

A

1st trimester
- nitrofurantoin

3rd trimester + safe for breastfeeding:
- trimethoprim

52
Q

describe HIV seroconversion

A

60-80% of patients are symptomatic

develops 3-12 weeks after infection

53
Q

features of HIV seroconversion

A 
sore throat
lymphadenopathy
malaise
diarrhoea
maculopapular rash
mouth ulcers
54
Q

HIV seroconversion diagnosis

A
  1. HIV PCR
  2. p24 antigen test

testing done 4 weeks after
exposure
–> after neg result
–> repeat test at 12 weeks

55
Q

list some AIDs defining disease

A

pneumoncytis jiroveci
fungal - oesophgeal candidiasis
kaposi’s sacroma - HH8
hairy leukoplakia - EBV in HIV

56
Q

HIV transmission

A

sexual (75% most common)
IVDU
vertical transmission

57
Q

what are HAART?

A

highly active anti-retroviral therapy

aim to slow down HIV replication - giving the body a chance to fight off opportunitistc infection

  1. nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  2. protease inhibitors
  3. non-nucleoside revser transcriptase inhibitors

P4 (11 decks)

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