ID Flashcards
Syphilis bacteria + pathogenesis
treponema pallidum
acquired through sexual contact
syphillis clinical features
painless ulceration
local lymphadenopathy
Mx syphilis
1 - IM benzathine penicillie
2 - Doxycycline
Ix syphilis
treponema specific antibodies
cardiolipid tests
live attenuated vaccines
BCG MMR yellow fever polio typhoid
how long does HIV seroconversion take?
3-12 weeks
ELISA test repeated in 3 months
how many tetanus doses to provide adequate long term protection ?
5
is there a vaccine for hep C?
no
Diagnostic ix?
Outcome
HCV RNA
15-45% clear the virus
55-85% will develop hepatitis C
when is it defined as hep C?
perisistence HCV RNA in blood for 6 months
complications of hep C
rheumatologicla - arthritis
sjrogen’s - eye
cirrhosis - HCC
membranproliferative glomerulonephriits
hep C Mx
treatment depends on viral genotype
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
- Sustained virological response (SVR)
- aim: undetectabe serum HCV RNA doe 6 months after end therapy
triad of infectious mononucleosis
- sore throat
- Pyrexia
- lymphadenopathy
(ant/post triangle of the neck)
which species of malaria is the most severe?
most common benign?
severe: plasmodium falciparum
benign: plasmodium vivax
what diseases protect from malaria?
sickle cell anaemia
G6PD deficiency
what is erysipelas?
bacterial infection of the upper dermis
extending to the subcutaneous lymphatic vessels - well demarcated
difference between cellulitis and erysipelas?
cellulitis
- lower dermis
- group A haem strept (pyrogenes) 66% + staph auerus 33%
erysipelas
- upper dermis
- group A haemolytic strept (pyogenes) - mostly
- staph auerus
what is Mx for cellulitis + erysipelas?
flucoloacillin - for both
features of malaria
cyclical fever
hepatospenomegaly
diarrhoea
jaundice
anaemia
thrombocytopenia
hypoglycaemia
acidosis
complications of malaria
ARDS
DIC
cerebral malaria
diseases of bloody diarrhoea vs non-bloody?
bloody:
- samonella
- campylobacter
- shigella
non-bloody:
- chlorea
- giardiasis
shortest incubation time
1-6hrs (2)
12 - 48hrs (2)
1-6hrs
- staph aureus
- bacillus cereus
12-48hrs
- e.coli
- salmonella
screening TB test in uk
mantoux test
>15mm suggests infection
interferon-gamma test
features of legionella
dry cough lymphopenia - low lymphocytes hyponatraemia derranged LFTs pleural effusion 30%
Mx for bloody / invasive diarrhoea?
ciprofloxacin
most common STI in Uk
chlamydia
NAAT
doxycyline / azithromycin 7 days
SE of tetracyclines
black hairy tongue
angioedema
photosensitivity
teeth discolouration
most likely post splenectomy sepsis
strept pneumoniae
h influenza
meningococci
MRSA Mx - suppression once carrier identified
nasal mupirocin
topical chlordexidine
MRSA abx in Mx
vancomycin - glycopeptide
teicoplanin
linezolid
what bacteria causes amoebic liver abscess - anchovy sauce ?
entamoeba histolytica
patients who recently had influenza are at risk of what?
staph aureus chest infection
actions after HIV+ needle stick injury
- encourage bleed
- go ED
- oral anti-retroviral therapy for 4 weeks, within 72 hours
- 12 weeks following completion
pregnancy with bacterial vaginosis
still can use oral metronidazole
meningitis features
CSF sample visible by india ink
- what is the organisms
cryptococcus neoformans
fitz hugh curtis syndrome?
complication of PID
- causing liver capsule to be inflamed
scar tissue develops + perihepatic adhesions
PMH - chlamydia + gon
pathogen causing croup
parainfluenza virus
parovirus B19 serology
IgG = immunity
IgM = infection
Malaria mX
Non-severe falciparum:
- oral artesunate combination therapy (ACT)
severe falciparum:
- IV artesunate
pathogen causing kaposi’s sarcoma
human herpes virus 8
hx of fever, travel, arthralgia, rose spots on abdo
causative pathogen
salmonella typhi
if a HIV patient develops pneumococcus jivoreci, what is their CD4 count?
<200
complications erythema infectiosum / paravirus B19
aplastic anaemia in sickle cell patients
suppress EPO for a week
what is leprosy?
granulomatous disease affecting the peripheral nerves + skins
- caused by mycobacterium leprae
- hypopigmentation of skin
- loss of sensation
leprosy Mx
triple therapy
rifampicin
dapsone
clofazimine
describe lymes disease
borrelia burgdorferi - spread by ticks
- erythem chroncium migrans ‘bulls-eye’ rash (clinically diagnostic)
- cardio - heart block, myocarditis
- neuro - facial n palsy, meningitis
ELISA - blood test for Borrelia burgdorferi
Mx for lymes
oral doxycycline
if preg: amoxicillin
how does herpes simplex virus present its primary infection?
gingivostomatitis (gum + mouth ulceration)
what are the rules with herpes simplex and pregnancy?
if infected during pregnancy at greater than 28 weeks
- elective caesarean
how does typhoid present?
rose spots
w/ constipation
w/ relative brady (faget’s)
transmitted via faecal oral route
what are the abx guidelines for pregnancy?
1st trimester
- nitrofurantoin
3rd trimester + safe for breastfeeding:
- trimethoprim
describe HIV seroconversion
60-80% of patients are symptomatic
develops 3-12 weeks after infection
features of HIV seroconversion
sore throat lymphadenopathy malaise diarrhoea maculopapular rash mouth ulcers
HIV seroconversion diagnosis
- HIV PCR
- p24 antigen test
testing done 4 weeks after
exposure
–> after neg result
–> repeat test at 12 weeks
list some AIDs defining disease
pneumoncytis jiroveci
fungal - oesophgeal candidiasis
kaposi’s sacroma - HH8
hairy leukoplakia - EBV in HIV
HIV transmission
sexual (75% most common)
IVDU
vertical transmission
what are HAART?
highly active anti-retroviral therapy
aim to slow down HIV replication - giving the body a chance to fight off opportunitistc infection
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- protease inhibitors
- non-nucleoside revser transcriptase inhibitors
