Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

P4 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

features of appendicitis

A 
vomiting
anorexia
fever
constipation
diarrhoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DDx for appendicitis

A 
renal stone
testicular / ovarian torsion
ectopic
GI obstruction
constipation
strangulation hernia
mesenteric adenitis
intussusception
meckel diveriticulitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is mesenteric adenitis

A

self-limitting inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes

RIF pain
- common DDx for appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what results would increase suspicion towards appendicitis

A

raised neutrophil
raised WCC
raised CRP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what should always be performed in a women with abdo pain

A

pregnancy test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the diverticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula in the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define diverticular disease

A

symptomatic diverticula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the main stay of conservative Mx in diverticular disease

A

analgesia
abx
adequate hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

complications of diverticular disease

A 
perforation
bleeding
abscess 
fistula 
strictures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how do you determine betwen inguinal and femoral hernias

A

inguinal - more medial + superior to pubic tubercle

femoral - inferior + lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most common type of hernia

A

inguinal (80%)

direct (20%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how to determine the difference between indirect and direct hernia - in relation to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

indirect - laternal to the inferior epigastric vessels

direct - medial to the inferior epigastri cvessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which hernia is high risk of strangulation

A

femoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

obstructed inguinal hernia

A

implies that the contents of the GI tract cannot pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do inferior hernias occur

A
  1. testes descend from the posterior abdominal wall into the scrotum following the processus vaginalis

–> passing through the inguinal ring into the scrotum

17
Q

RF for developing inguinal hernia

A 
chronic cough
obese
prematurity
male
heavy lifting
18
Q

what are haemorrhoids?

A

vascular rich connective tissue cushions within the anal canal

internal - proximal to dentate line

external - distal to the dentate line

19
Q

Mx for haemorrhoids

A

increase dietary fibre

band ligation

20
Q

bloody supply to foregut / mid / hide

A

fore - celiac artery (up to 1/2 duodenum)

mid - superior mesenteric artery

hide - inferior mesenteric artery

21
Q

metabolic electrolyte balance of acute mesenteric ischaemia

other bloods

A

metabolic acidosis

lactate
raised WCC

22
Q

gold standard for mesentaric ischaemia

A

angiography

23
Q

indications for splenectomy

A
  • spontanous rupture / EBV
  • trauma
  • hyperspenism (hereditary sphereocytosis)
  • malignancy
24
Q

what do howell jolly bodies signify?

A

occur where there is no spleen or a non-functing spleen = asplenia

they are RBC with the nuclear remanent

25
Q

most common pathogen of meningitis in asplenia

A

meningingitis pneumonia

26
Q

long term Mx following splenectomy

A
  1. life long prophylatic abx (pen V)

2. pneumonccal vaccine

27
Q

Acute pancreatis causes

A 
gallstones
alcohol
trauma
steroids
mumps
autoimmune
scorp
HYPER - lipidaemia / calcium / PTH
ERCP
drugs (azathopurine, tetracycline, mesalaine )
28
Q

acute / chronic complications of acute pan

A

acute:

  • ARDS
  • shock
  • DIC
  • sepsis

Chronic:

  • chronic panc
  • pancreatic pseudocyst (fibrosis/gransulation tissue)
  • pancreatic necrosis
29
Q

acute panc Mx

A

use glasgow-imrie criteria
- determines severity of pancreatitis (48hrs after hosp admission)

  1. NG tube - helps prevent bacterial translocation from the gut (prevents panc necrosis)
  2. fluid managament
  3. abx therapy
  4. if due to gallstones –> cholecystectomy
30
Q

acute panc Ix

A

serum lipase
- more sensitive + specific than amylase

serum amylase do not correlate with disease severity

31
Q

how to detemine between small / large bowel obstruction

A

normal (3/6/9 rule)

small bowel

  • valvulae conniventes (width of the bowel)
  • central in the abdomen
  • diameter is around 2.5cm
  • greater than 3cm
  • adhesions, from previous surgery (75%)

large bowel
- haustra (arrow head)

Most common:

  • colorectal carcinoma
  • diverticular strictures
32
Q

causes of bowel obstruction

A 
adhesions
hernias
strictures
tumour 
diverticultis
33
Q

common origin tumours going to the liver

A

GI tract
breast
lung

34
Q

Mx for bowel obstruction

A

bowel rest

‘drip + suck’
- NG - give the bowel a rest from secreting gastric contents

35
Q

what does TNF-a inhibitors do?

A

antibody directed against tumour-necrosis factor - important in establishing inflammation + granuloma formation

36
Q

site of porta-systemic anatosomes

A

superior rectal vein shunts - haemorrhoids

paraumbilical vein shunts - caput madusae

P4 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions